The Optical Bloch Equations (OBEs) are useful for calculating the evolution of the density matrix of an atomic ensemble under the action of some Hamiltonian. A common situation concerns atoms with hyperfine structure that interact with an external magnetic field and laser radiation. When the spectral linewidth of the laser radiation is much larger than the natural linewidth of the transition, the mode spacing is much smaller than the natural linewidth, and the spectral linewidth is much larger than the characteristic evolution time of the density matrix, the OBEs can be reduced to rate equations for Zeeman coherences. We present a toolkit for solving these rate equations based on the QuantumOptics.jl package in the Julia language. Using these tools makes the code much more readable than previous implementations in C/C++, but almost as fast and easier to parallelize. The toolkit includes functions for calculating the steady-state solution of density matrix of alkali metal atoms in the presence of an external magnetic field and exposed to a pump laser beam of arbitrary polarization and propagation direction. Based on this density matrix, the toolkit offers functions to determine the fluorescence intensity of arbitrary polarization and direction as well as the absorption of a weak probe beam, also of arbitrary polarization and propagation direction. It can also produce a plot of the electronic angular momentum distribution of the atom based on the calculated density matrix. The toolkit is available on Github and has been validated by comparing its results to legacy code written in C/C++ and experimental measurements. As a test case, we show how the toolkit can be used to optimize a simple atomic magnetometer.

The Optical Bloch Equations (OBEs) are useful for calculating the evolution of the density matrix of an atomic ensemble under the action of some Hamiltonian. A common situation concerns atoms with hyperfine structure that interact with an external magnetic field and laser radiation. When the spectral linewidth of the laser radiation is much larger than the natural linewidth of the transition, the mode spacing is much smaller than the natural linewidth, and the spectral linewidth is much larger than the characteristic evolution time of the density matrix, the OBEs can be reduced to rate equations for Zeeman coherences. We present a toolkit for solving these rate equations based on the QuantumOptics.jl package in the Julia language. Using these tools makes the code much more readable than previous implementations in C/C++, but almost as fast and easier to parallelize. The toolkit includes functions for calculating the steady-state solution of density matrix of alkali metal atoms in the presence of an external magnetic field and exposed to a pump laser beam of arbitrary polarization and propagation direction. Based on this density matrix, the toolkit offers functions to determine the fluorescence intensity of arbitrary polarization and direction as well as the absorption of a weak probe beam, also of arbitrary polarization and propagation direction. It can also produce a plot of the electronic angular momentum distribution of the atom based on the calculated density matrix. The toolkit is available on Github and has been validated by comparing its results to legacy code written in C/C++ and experimental measurements. As a test case, we show how the toolkit can be used to optimize a simple atomic magnetometer.

The data explores the presence, seasonal variations, historical accumulation and deposition rates of microplastics (MPs) in an urban lake within the Baltic region of Northern Europe. The dataset includes detailed information on MP concentrations in surface water, sedimentation rates, and the distribution of MPs within lake sediments. Key findings from the dataset include: Surface water MP concentrations were highest in summer (5.71 particles/m³) and decreased during winter (0.75 particles/m³), indicating seasonal variations; The MP deposition rate was calculated at 9.47 particles/cm²/year (or 4.31 μg/cm²/year); The sediment core analysis revealed MPs in layers older than 1950, predating the mass production of plastics; The predominant polymer types were polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene, with fibres being more abundant in surface water and fragments in sediment layers.The data provides a comprehensive snapshot of MPs in an urban lake, from seasonal fluctuations in surface water to long-term deposition patterns in sediment cores. Researchers can use this dataset to explore the dynamics of MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems, the impact of urbanisation on MP concentrations, and the relationship between seasonal variation and MP presence. Additionally, the data can be used to refine monitoring methods for MPs, particularly in urban lakes, where rapid, cost-effective approaches are crucial for ongoing surveillance.The data was collected using well-established MP research methods:Manta trawling for surface water sampling to measure MP concentrations, sediment trapping to assess MP sedimentation rates over one year, sediment coring to examine MP distribution in dated sediment archives. MP particles were identified and characterised using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sediment core chronology was determined using 210Pb dating and the Bayesian Plum model, which revealed sediment layers corresponding to periods before large-scale plastic production.This dataset is valuable for researchers studying MP pollution in freshwater environments, particularly in urban settings. It can be used to establish baselines for future monitoring efforts and to develop more effective, resource-efficient methods for MP surveillance.

The data explores the presence, seasonal variations, historical accumulation and deposition rates of microplastics (MPs) in an urban lake within the Baltic region of Northern Europe. The dataset includes detailed information on MP concentrations in surface water, sedimentation rates, and the distribution of MPs within lake sediments. Key findings from the dataset include: Surface water MP concentrations were highest in summer (5.71 particles/m³) and decreased during winter (0.75 particles/m³), indicating seasonal variations; The MP deposition rate was calculated at 9.47 particles/cm²/year (or 4.31 μg/cm²/year); The sediment core analysis revealed MPs in layers older than 1950, predating the mass production of plastics; The predominant polymer types were polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene, with fibres being more abundant in surface water and fragments in sediment layers.The data provides a comprehensive snapshot of MPs in an urban lake, from seasonal fluctuations in surface water to long-term deposition patterns in sediment cores. Researchers can use this dataset to explore the dynamics of MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems, the impact of urbanisation on MP concentrations, and the relationship between seasonal variation and MP presence. Additionally, the data can be used to refine monitoring methods for MPs, particularly in urban lakes, where rapid, cost-effective approaches are crucial for ongoing surveillance.The data was collected using well-established MP research methods:Manta trawling for surface water sampling to measure MP concentrations, sediment trapping to assess MP sedimentation rates over one year, sediment coring to examine MP distribution in dated sediment archives. MP particles were identified and characterised using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sediment core chronology was determined using 210Pb dating and the Bayesian Plum model, which revealed sediment layers corresponding to periods before large-scale plastic production.This dataset is valuable for researchers studying MP pollution in freshwater environments, particularly in urban settings. It can be used to establish baselines for future monitoring efforts and to develop more effective, resource-efficient methods for MP surveillance.

Raw data of manuscript "Sustainable Control of Invasive Plants: Compost Production, Quality and Effects on Wheat germination"

Raw data of manuscript "Sustainable Control of Invasive Plants: Compost Production, Quality and Effects on Wheat germination"

This is the data file and questionairre for BEYOND public consultation survey.

This is the data file and questionairre for BEYOND public consultation survey.

All dataset of the graphs for a publication "A study of outliers in GNSS clock products" (DOI: 10.3390/s24030799), set for whole GNSS satellites for period 2014-2021:1. Phase_graphs_raw.zip - raw phase graphs based on downloaded from MGEX database sets (https://igs.org/mgex/data-products/#orbit_clock)2. Frequency_graphs_raw.zip - frequency data based on raw phase data3. Phase_graphs_corrected.zip - phase graphs without outliers4. Freq_graphs_corrected.zip - frequency graphs without outliers5. Hadamard_years_graphs.zip - Hadamarda variation graphs divided by years6 Hadamard_all_graphs.zip - Hadamard variations for whole period

All dataset of the graphs for a publication "A study of outliers in GNSS clock products" (DOI: 10.3390/s24030799), set for whole GNSS satellites for period 2014-2021:1. Phase_graphs_raw.zip - raw phase graphs based on downloaded from MGEX database sets (https://igs.org/mgex/data-products/#orbit_clock)2. Frequency_graphs_raw.zip - frequency data based on raw phase data3. Phase_graphs_corrected.zip - phase graphs without outliers4. Freq_graphs_corrected.zip - frequency graphs without outliers5. Hadamard_years_graphs.zip - Hadamarda variation graphs divided by years6 Hadamard_all_graphs.zip - Hadamard variations for whole period