The dataset primarily comprises MATLAB-based self-programmed components, encompassing theoretical models, energy spectra of periodically modulated systems, and their photodynamic evolutions. This study devises a physical model that manipulates parity-time (PT) symmetry through the interlaced arrangement of periodically modulated waveguides and gain-loss waveguides. Under the high-frequency approximation, the influence of periodic modulation on the energy spectrum of the system is explored. Subsequently, a fusion of analytical and numerical approaches is employed to elucidate the dynamical evolution of light within the non-Hermitian four-channel optical waveguide structure. The results demonstrate that, compared to the conventional four-channel optical waveguide system where periodically modulated waveguides are juxtaposed with gain-dissipative waveguides, not only can the existence range of purely real energy spectrum be narrowed by periodic modulation, but the observation of real energy spectrum can also be achieved earlier. Furthermore, as the modulation parameters vary, the relative optical intensity and optical periodicity within the four-channel waveguide exhibit enhanced stability. Dataset primarily encompasses six files, with File 1 containing the physical model for modulating PT symmetry through the alternate placement of periodic waveguides and gain-loss waveguides, alongside an abstract figure summarizing the study. Figure 2 in this paper presents plots of the imaginary part of the quasi-energy spectrum against the parameters A/ω and γ, as depicted in the figures "Modulation Parameter 2-3 Matlab.fig", "Modulation Parameter 0-8 Matlab.fig", and the image "Relationship between the Imaginary Part of Quasi-energy Spectrum and Parameters.JPG". Figure 3 of this document illustrates the phase diagrams of the quasi-energy spectrum varying with the non-Hermitian parameter γ for different driving amplitudes A, as presented in the figures "Diagram of Change Phase Matlab.fig" and "Phase Diagram of Quasi-energy Spectrum Varying with Parameters.JPG". Figure 4 of this paper encapsulates the tunneling behavior of light through various waveguides when the modulation parameter A/ω is set to 0, under Hermitian (γ=0), non-Hermitian with real quasi-energies (γ=0.3), and non-Hermitian with complex quasi-energies (γ=2.4) conditions, respectively, for different incident waveguide configurations. This is visually presented in the figures titled "γ=0 Matlab.fig", "γ=0.3 Matlab.fig", "γ=2.4 Matlab.fig", and the image "Modulation Parameter=0.JPG". Figure 5 of this paper showcases the tunneling behavior of light within waveguides under different incident conditions, specifically for the modulation parameter A/ω set at 1.2, and for three distinct regimes: Hermitian (γ=0), non-Hermitian with real quasi-energies (γ=0.3), and non-Hermitian with complex quasi-energies (γ=1.8). These scenarios are visually represented in the figures "γ=0 Matlab.fig", "γ=0.3 Matlab.fig", "γ=1.8 Matlab.fig", and the consolidated image "Modulation Parameter=1.2.JPG". Figure 6 of this document illustrates the tunneling behavior of light within waveguides under different incident conditions, specifically when the modulation parameter A/ω is set to 2.4, in both Hermitian (γ = 0) and non-Hermitian (complex quasi-energy, γ = 1.8) regimes. The visual representations are provided in the figures titled "γ=0 Matlab.fig", "γ=1.8 Matlab.fig", and the image "Modulation Parameter = 2.4.JPG".