DATOS OBTENIDOS DURANTE TRABAJO EN EL MUSEO DE TENERIFE, VOLATILES EN LA GUANCHE, VITRINAS Y ARMAZENES. DATA FOR ARCHAMETRY PUBLICATION.

DATOS OBTENIDOS DURANTE TRABAJO EN EL MUSEO DE TENERIFE, VOLATILES EN LA GUANCHE, VITRINAS Y ARMAZENES. DATA FOR ARCHAMETRY PUBLICATION.

This dataset was generated throughout experiments performed under a research project funded by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), grant number 408444/2021-5. This dataset contains:A CSV file with measurements of ornamental potential taken on week 15 after seeding the pepper plants. Filename identifies the subfolder of images for which each line of the CSV file corresponds. The measured variables include plant height (PH) in cm, canopy diameter (CD) in cm, plant height to canopy diameter ratio (PH/CD), growth habit (GH), leaf density (LD), fruit count per plant above or equal to ten (FC≥10). OQ_VH denotes ornamental quality according to Veiling Holambra and OQ_EXP the median value according to the experts criterion. 120 lines are recorded in the CSV file, corresponding to all possible combinations of Greenhouse growing conditions (2 different values), Repetitions (4 different values), and Treatment (15 different values).A set of photographs taken from several species of pepper plants (Capsicum spp.) weekly at eight different dates (starting from week 8 to 15 after seeding). A total of 15 treatments were used, with 4 repetitions for each treatment. Additionally, 2 growing conditions (controlled greenhouse vs uncontrolled greenhouse) was considered too. For each particular plant (experimental unit), a total of 19 photos were taken, placing the plant in a wooden booth and rotating the plant 20º from one photo to another (initial rotation and final rotation were acquired even they represent the same viewpoint).The folder structure of the images is organized as follows:Root folder               ↳ Week                         ↳ Greenhouse                                             ↳ Repetition                                                              ↳ Treatmentwhere:"Week": represents the date when the photos were taken. Possible values are "Week08", "Week09", "Week10", "Week11", "Week12", "Week13", "Week14" and "Week15"."Greenhouse": represents the growing conditions of the plants. Possible values are "CG" (controlled greenhouse) and "UG" (uncontrolled greenhouse)."Repetition": represents the instance of the plant from same treatment. Four repetitions were used in the experiments where the data come from. Possible values are "B1", "B2", "B3" and "B4"."Treatment": represents the accession from which the seeds came from, with codes corresponding to germplasm bank codes at the CPCE/UFPI Active Germplasm Bank.  Possible values are "T1", "T2", "T3", "T4", "T5", "T6", "T7", "T8", "T9", "T10", "T11", "T12", "T13", "T14" and "T15". The following table shows the correspondence of treatment number to germplasm code and the species as well.Treatment numberGermplasm codeCommon nameScientific name 1CPCE 008Maya black bloodCapsicum annuum2CPCE 012MasqueradeCapsicum frutescens3CPCE 003FloribellaCapsicum sp.4CPCE 013Bolivian rainbowCapsicum annuum5CPCE 005CalypsoCapsicum annuum6CPCE 006Pyramid ornamentalCapsicum annuum7CPCE 007Black pyramidCapsicum frutescens8CPCE 009Black cubanCapsicum annuum9CPCE 010Black pearlCapsicum annuum10CPCE 011Purple tiger variegatedCapsicum annuum11CPCE 014JellyfishCapsicum annuum12CPCE 017Bird’s eye baby ornamentalCapsicum annuum13CPCE 018Not identifiedCapsicum sp.14CPCE 019Not identifiedCapsicum sp.15CPCE 020Not identifiedCapsicum sp.

This dataset was generated throughout experiments performed under a research project funded by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), grant number 408444/2021-5. This dataset contains:A CSV file with measurements of ornamental potential taken on week 15 after seeding the pepper plants. Filename identifies the subfolder of images for which each line of the CSV file corresponds. The measured variables include plant height (PH) in cm, canopy diameter (CD) in cm, plant height to canopy diameter ratio (PH/CD), growth habit (GH), leaf density (LD), fruit count per plant above or equal to ten (FC≥10). OQ_VH denotes ornamental quality according to Veiling Holambra and OQ_EXP the median value according to the experts criterion. 120 lines are recorded in the CSV file, corresponding to all possible combinations of Greenhouse growing conditions (2 different values), Repetitions (4 different values), and Treatment (15 different values).A set of photographs taken from several species of pepper plants (Capsicum spp.) weekly at eight different dates (starting from week 8 to 15 after seeding). A total of 15 treatments were used, with 4 repetitions for each treatment. Additionally, 2 growing conditions (controlled greenhouse vs uncontrolled greenhouse) was considered too. For each particular plant (experimental unit), a total of 19 photos were taken, placing the plant in a wooden booth and rotating the plant 20º from one photo to another (initial rotation and final rotation were acquired even they represent the same viewpoint).The folder structure of the images is organized as follows:Root folder               ↳ Week                         ↳ Greenhouse                                             ↳ Repetition                                                              ↳ Treatmentwhere:"Week": represents the date when the photos were taken. Possible values are "Week08", "Week09", "Week10", "Week11", "Week12", "Week13", "Week14" and "Week15"."Greenhouse": represents the growing conditions of the plants. Possible values are "CG" (controlled greenhouse) and "UG" (uncontrolled greenhouse)."Repetition": represents the instance of the plant from same treatment. Four repetitions were used in the experiments where the data come from. Possible values are "B1", "B2", "B3" and "B4"."Treatment": represents the accession from which the seeds came from, with codes corresponding to germplasm bank codes at the CPCE/UFPI Active Germplasm Bank.  Possible values are "T1", "T2", "T3", "T4", "T5", "T6", "T7", "T8", "T9", "T10", "T11", "T12", "T13", "T14" and "T15". The following table shows the correspondence of treatment number to germplasm code and the species as well.Treatment numberGermplasm codeCommon nameScientific name 1CPCE 008Maya black bloodCapsicum annuum2CPCE 012MasqueradeCapsicum frutescens3CPCE 003FloribellaCapsicum sp.4CPCE 013Bolivian rainbowCapsicum annuum5CPCE 005CalypsoCapsicum annuum6CPCE 006Pyramid ornamentalCapsicum annuum7CPCE 007Black pyramidCapsicum frutescens8CPCE 009Black cubanCapsicum annuum9CPCE 010Black pearlCapsicum annuum10CPCE 011Purple tiger variegatedCapsicum annuum11CPCE 014JellyfishCapsicum annuum12CPCE 017Bird’s eye baby ornamentalCapsicum annuum13CPCE 018Not identifiedCapsicum sp.14CPCE 019Not identifiedCapsicum sp.15CPCE 020Not identifiedCapsicum sp.

Leaf and wood functional traits of trees are related to growth, reproduction, and survival, but the degree of phylogenetic conservatism in these relationships is largely unknown. In this study, we describe the variability of strategies involving leaf, wood and demographic characteristics for tree genera distributed across the Amazon Region, and quantify phylogenetic signal for the characteristics and their relationships. Leaf and wood traits are aligned with demographic variables along two main axes of variation. The first axis represents the coordination of leaf traits describing resource uptake and use, wood density, seed mass and survival. The second axis represents the coordination between size and growth. Both axes show strong phylogenetic signal, suggesting a constrained evolution influenced by ancestral values, yet the second axis also has an additional, substantial portion of its variation that is driven by functional correlations unrelated to phylogeny, suggesting simultaneously higher evolutionary lability and coordination. Synthesis. Our results suggest that life-history strategies of tropical trees are generally phylogenetically conserved, but that tree lineages may have some capability of responding to environmental changes by modulating their growth and size. Overall, we provide the largest-scale synopsis of functional characteristics of Amazonian trees, showing substantial nuance in the evolutionary patterns of individual characteristics and their relationships.

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species, from numerous evolutionary lineages both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonised multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5,082 tree species in 1,989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran’s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate, and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R 2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). Phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R 2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main conclusions: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization on specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.

Aim: Gloger’s rule predicts that warmer and wetter areas favor more pigmented animals. Yet, the original formulation lacks differentiation between the two primary pigments: eu- and pheomelanin. We examined geographic variation in eumelanin and pheomelanin to unravel how various ecological factors influence pigment deposition, and to assess support for the complex version of Gloger’s rule. Location: South America. Time period: Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied: Sigmodontine rodents. Methods: We extracted pelage color data from 231 species and quantified the variation in eu- and pheomelanin deposition at the assemblage level. We performed linear multiple regression to investigate the influence of temperature, precipitation, predator diversity, and UVA-B radiance in eumelanin (lightness) and pheomelanin (redness). Results: Our findings support the original formulations of Gloger’s rule. Rodents in warmer and rainier regions, which also entails greater exposure to UV radiation and a diverse range of predators, exhibit darker-colored pelage. In addition, redder rodents prevail in warmer environments. However, contrary to the rule predictions, we observe a reversal for reddish patterns in relation to precipitation, with rainier regions showcasing more intense red rodents. Main conclusions: Our study breaks new ground by investigating previously unexplored facets of Gloger's rule in a continental mammalian group. We discovered compelling evidence that darker and redder coloration align closely with temperature and rainfall gradients. Although we found support for eumelanin-pelage predictions, expectations for pheomelanin pigmentation were only partially met. Our results might suggest that selective pressures act differently on dark and reddish coloration, revealing that coloration patterns in response to climate are more intricate than previously formulated.

Additional file 6: Supplementary Table S4. Results of univariate Welch’s ANOVA test for differences across all Callithrix taxa for 13 morphometric traits.

Additional file 6: Supplementary Table S4. Results of univariate Welch’s ANOVA test for differences across all Callithrix taxa for 13 morphometric traits.

Additional file 7: Supplementary Table S5. Games-Howell post-hoc pairwise tests after Welch’s ANOVA to determine which comparisons between Callithrix taxa for thirteen individual traits are significant. ‘Trait’ column names of traits follow that of Supplementary Table S1. ‘Group 1’ and ‘Group2’ indicate which two taxa are being compared and abbreviations follow Supplementary Table S1. ‘Estimate’ column refers to the mean difference between the groups being compared, ‘conf.low’ column refers to lower limit of the confidence interval for the mean difference, ‘conf.high’ column refers to higher limit of the confidence interval for the mean difference, ‘p.adj’ is the adjusted p-value using Turkey’s method, and ‘p.adj.signif’ column indicates the significance level of adjusted p-values with ‘ns’ meaning note significant.