Green hydrogen produced via electrolysis is predicted to be a key technology to enabling the green energy transition. For decreasing the green hydrogen cost to comparable levels to hydrogen produced by steam reforming, the electrolyzer systems must be optimised. One of the most significant energy losses during electrolyzer operation at industrial conditions is due to inefficient mass transport. Previous neutron radiographic measurements have indicated that bubbles are immobilized in industrial porous foam electrodes, effectively increasing the resistance and decreasing the available surface area in the system. By performing x-ray imaging we will be able to study the growth, movement, and distribution of bubbles for improved understanding on this critical topic. The electrolyzer is constructed in cooperation with the industry to obtain the most industrially relevant and accurate knowledge on bubble dynamics.

Green hydrogen produced via electrolysis is predicted to be a key technology to enabling the green energy transition. For decreasing the green hydrogen cost to comparable levels to hydrogen produced by steam reforming, the electrolyzer systems must be optimised. One of the most significant energy losses during electrolyzer operation at industrial conditions is due to inefficient mass transport. Previous neutron radiographic measurements have indicated that bubbles are immobilized in industrial porous foam electrodes, effectively increasing the resistance and decreasing the available surface area in the system. By performing x-ray imaging we will be able to study the growth, movement, and distribution of bubbles for improved understanding on this critical topic. The electrolyzer is constructed in cooperation with the industry to obtain the most industrially relevant and accurate knowledge on bubble dynamics.

Datasets and Python scripts supporting the findings presented in the manuscript "Active $\Delta$-learning with universal potentials for global structure optimization". Contained are scripts to reproduce the results using AGOX v. 3.10.2rss_sript.py: Random Structure Search  AGOX script for $[\mathrm{Ag}_2\mathrm{S}]_X$ clusters. bh_script.py: Basin Hopping AGOX script for $[\mathrm{Ag}_2\mathrm{S}]_X$ clusters. gofee_script.py: GOFEE AGOX script for $[\mathrm{Ag}_2\mathrm{S}]_X$ clusters. rex_script.py: Replica Exchange X AGOX script for $[\mathrm{Ag}2\mathrm{S}]X$ clusters.rss_surface_script.py: Random structure search AGOX script for $(\sqrt{7} \times \sqrt{7})$ Ag(111) sulfur reconstructed surface.rex_surface_script.py: Replica Exchange X AGOX script for $(\sqrt{17} \times \sqrt{17})$ Ag(100) sulfur reconstructed surface.And datasets: figure_2_ags_clusters/Ag<2*size>S.xyz: Global minima configurations of Ag<2*size>S clusters with different for size = [4, 6, 8, 10, 12] and umlip = [chg, mace, mace_mpa].figure_3_ags_clusters/ag16s8.xyz: Minima configurations for the $[\mathrm{Ag}_2\mathrm{S}]8$ clusters.figure_6_ag111_sq7xsq7/dft.xyz: DFT Global minimum configuration for the $(\sqrt{7} \times \sqrt{7})$ Ag(111) sulfur reconstructed surface.figure_7_ag100_sq17xsq17/.xyz: DFT, CHGNet, MACE-MP0 and MACE-MPA global minima configurations for the $(\sqrt{17} \times \sqrt{17})$ Ag(100) sulfur reconstructed surface.figure_8_pretraining_data/training.xyz: Training data to pretrain $\Delta$-model for $(\sqrt{17} \times \sqrt{17})$ Ag(100) sulfur reconstructed surface. ag17x17.xyz: $(\sqrt{17} \times \sqrt{17})$ Ag(111) surface slab. ag7x7.xyz: $(\sqrt{7} \times \sqrt{7})$ Ag(100) surface slab. supplementary/supp_4/Ag<2*size>S.xyz: Configurations of Ag<2*size>S clusters with different for size = [4, 6, 8, 10, 12] and umlip = [chg, mace_mp0, mace_mpa].

Content:1. Authors2. Dataset description3. Experimental methods4. Attribution5. License 1. AuthorsAdrian Rodriguez-Palomo, Malene Siri Berg Jacobsen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen, Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen, Innokenty Kantor, Gabriella Willan, Anthony Herrel, Arsalan Marghoub, Mehran Moazen, Susan Evans, Matthew Vickaryous, Catherine J.A. Williams, Henrik Birkedal. 2. Dataset descriptionThis dataset contains:X-ray_microscopy.zip: X-ray computed tomography of osteoderm #3. Tiff files of reconstructed CT slices.xrd_pilatus_integrated_data.zip: X-ray diffraction (radially integrated) of a thin slice in osteoderms #1 and #2.xrf_falconx_data.zip: X-ray fluorescence spectra of a thin slice in osteoderms #1 and #2.nanoindentation_data.csv: Nanoindentation results from osteoderm #4 and #7. 3. Experimental methodsExperimental details and full methods descriptions can be found in the associated publication: A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal, "Enamel-like stiffness achieved by poorly oriented nanocrystals in the capping tissue of Mexican beaded lizard osteoderms", Acta Biomaterialia 204, 457-469 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2025.08.025 4. AttributionPlease, cite the associated publication and dataset as:A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal, "Enamel-like stiffness achieved by poorly oriented nanocrystals in the capping tissue of Mexican beaded lizard osteoderms", Acta Biomaterialia 204, 457-469 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2025.08.025Multimodal X-ray imaging and nanoindentation dataset for the Mexican Beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) osteoderms © 2025 by A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal. Zenodo (2025). 5. LicenseMultimodal X-ray imaging and nanoindentation dataset for the Mexican Beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) osteoderms © 2025 by A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Content:1. Authors2. Dataset description3. Experimental methods4. Attribution5. License 1. AuthorsAdrian Rodriguez-Palomo, Malene Siri Berg Jacobsen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen, Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen, Innokenty Kantor, Gabriella Willan, Anthony Herrel, Arsalan Marghoub, Mehran Moazen, Susan Evans, Matthew Vickaryous, Catherine J.A. Williams, Henrik Birkedal. 2. Dataset descriptionThis dataset contains:X-ray_microscopy.zip: X-ray computed tomography of osteoderm #3. Tiff files of reconstructed CT slices.xrd_pilatus_integrated_data.zip: X-ray diffraction (radially integrated) of a thin slice in osteoderms #1 and #2.xrf_falconx_data.zip: X-ray fluorescence spectra of a thin slice in osteoderms #1 and #2.nanoindentation_data.csv: Nanoindentation results from osteoderm #4 and #7. 3. Experimental methodsExperimental details and full methods descriptions can be found in the associated publication: A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal, "Enamel-like stiffness achieved by poorly oriented nanocrystals in the capping tissue of Mexican beaded lizard osteoderms", Acta Biomaterialia 204, 457-469 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2025.08.025 4. AttributionPlease, cite the associated publication and dataset as:A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal, "Enamel-like stiffness achieved by poorly oriented nanocrystals in the capping tissue of Mexican beaded lizard osteoderms", Acta Biomaterialia 204, 457-469 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2025.08.025Multimodal X-ray imaging and nanoindentation dataset for the Mexican Beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) osteoderms © 2025 by A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal. Zenodo (2025). 5. LicenseMultimodal X-ray imaging and nanoindentation dataset for the Mexican Beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) osteoderms © 2025 by A. Rodriguez-Palomo, M. S.B. Jacobsen, T. E.K. Christensen, M. R.V. Jørgensen, I. Kantor, G. Willan, A. Herrel, A. Marghoub, M. Moazen, S. Evans, M. Vickaryous, C. J.A. Williams, H. Birkedal is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

With accelerating climate change, higher summer rainfall and warmer soils are expected for high Arctic ecosystems. Yet, how increased inputs of moisture and nutrients to soils will affect plant composition and ecosystem C storage in these arid, low-productivity ecosystems remains unclear. We utilised a long-term experiment in a dry shrub heath tundra in Zackenberg, NE Greenland, in which N and P availability was increased and precipitation doubled experimentally every summer for 25 years. We determined soil and vegetation C pools, plant cover and leaf chemistry, and ecosystem CO2 fluxes were measured over three weeks in peak growing season. Watering increased the cover of graminoids, which likely drove a moderate increase in upper soil carbon stocks. Soil respiration was consistently stimulated in watered plots, confirming the high sensitivity of soil microbes to moisture in dry tundra environments. As aboveground biomass and plant C uptake were not equivalently enhanced by watering, we suggest that belowground processes linked to root growth and/or microbial turnover are important in driving the C pool changes observed. Our results show evidence that increased summer rainfall can lead to greening and enhanced soil C storage in high arctic dry heaths, potentially providing moderate negative feedback to climate change.

This data set is published as Wildfire, ecosystem, and climate interactions in the Early Triassic in Communication Earth and Enivronment (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02789-x).Wildfires are an important component of Earth system dynamics particularly with respect to nutrient- and carbon cycling. The  occurrence of wildfires is linked to complex feedbacks between climate, vegetation and landscape structure. It is therefore crucial to understand wildfire activity in the context of (paleo-)climatic and environmental change. In this study, we explore wildfire activity during the Early Triassic (Smithian and Spathian substages, ca. 250 million years ago) – a time interval characterized by large global carbon cycle perturbation, climatic oscillations, prominent terrestrial vegetation succession, along with radiation and extinction pulses – using polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biomarkers, which serve as a robust indicator of fire in sedimentary geologic archives. PAH abundances in shales from Spitsbergen show a prominent increase after the Smithian-Spathian boundary. Further, diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggest that these compounds were derived from relatively unaltered biomass as opposed to soil erosion and petrogenic carbon inputs or coal combustion vis-à-vis a coincidental Siberian Trap volcanism. Instead, our data indicates that as sea surface temperatures decline during the late Smithian, the hydrological cycle becomes less intense and large-scale changing vegetation successions become amenable to wildfire activity. From our results, we hypothesize that the change in regional wildfire regime would have exerted influence on other regional biogeochemical cycles, especially pyrogenic carbon, which in turn may have impacted long-term carbon sequestration dynamics. The coupled behavior of this water-vegetation-wildfire system amid key perturbations in Earth’s history provides new insights into imminent future consequences of human activities and the related impacts on climate.

This data set is published as Wildfire, ecosystem, and climate interactions in the Early Triassic in Communication Earth and Enivronment (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02789-x).Wildfires are an important component of Earth system dynamics particularly with respect to nutrient- and carbon cycling. The  occurrence of wildfires is linked to complex feedbacks between climate, vegetation and landscape structure. It is therefore crucial to understand wildfire activity in the context of (paleo-)climatic and environmental change. In this study, we explore wildfire activity during the Early Triassic (Smithian and Spathian substages, ca. 250 million years ago) – a time interval characterized by large global carbon cycle perturbation, climatic oscillations, prominent terrestrial vegetation succession, along with radiation and extinction pulses – using polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biomarkers, which serve as a robust indicator of fire in sedimentary geologic archives. PAH abundances in shales from Spitsbergen show a prominent increase after the Smithian-Spathian boundary. Further, diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggest that these compounds were derived from relatively unaltered biomass as opposed to soil erosion and petrogenic carbon inputs or coal combustion vis-à-vis a coincidental Siberian Trap volcanism. Instead, our data indicates that as sea surface temperatures decline during the late Smithian, the hydrological cycle becomes less intense and large-scale changing vegetation successions become amenable to wildfire activity. From our results, we hypothesize that the change in regional wildfire regime would have exerted influence on other regional biogeochemical cycles, especially pyrogenic carbon, which in turn may have impacted long-term carbon sequestration dynamics. The coupled behavior of this water-vegetation-wildfire system amid key perturbations in Earth’s history provides new insights into imminent future consequences of human activities and the related impacts on climate.

No description available

This spreadsheet compiles results of a large mapping exercise of training resources in Open Science and Responsible Research and Innovation (Open RRI), carried out by the EU-funded PATTERN project (in WP1 – see also Lagido, C., Kragh, G., & Nielsen, K. (2024). State of the art of open and responsible trainings (Version 2.0) [Deliverable D1.1: Report on the analysis of existing training activities and quality assessment]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10640916). Using a mixed-method approach, we collected and assessed information on over 500 training resources across eight Open RRI skill areas through collaborative knowledge gathering, desk research, and surveys. Each entry includes rich metadata—such as title, provider, format, audience, level, accessibility, license, content themes, learning outcomes, and pedagogical/didactic approaches—along with notes from the quality assessment. The “Read Me First” tab explains the structure, coding, and how to interpret the dataset. The spreadsheet also includes tabs for controlled vocabularies, content themes per skill area, and languages. With the publication of this spreadsheet, the PATTERN project hopes to contribute to the discoverability of training resources, promote their use and sustainability. This information may be useful for researchers at all stages of their careers, as well as support staff and research administrators.