Analytical Method for U-Pb Geochronology and Geochronological DataWe conducted U-Pb geochronology on two samples. To determine the depositional ages of a volcanic rock and maximum depositional age, as well as the zircon provenance of a sedimentary rock, we analyzed more than 50 and over 100 zircon crystals per sample, respectively.

Analytical Method for U-Pb Geochronology and Geochronological Data We conducted U-Pb geochronology on two samples. To determine the depositional ages of a volcanic rock and maximum depositional age, as well as the zircon provenance of a sedimentary rock, we analyzed more than 50 and over 100 zircon crystals per sample, respectively. The locations of the geographic samples are illustrated in Figure 1 of the main text.Zircon concentrates from all samples were separated at the Zirchron LLC laboratory in Tucson, Arizona. Each sample was unpacked and pressure-washed with water to remove any debris and/or foreign materials. The sample rock fragments were introduced into the sample chamber of an Electro Pulse Disaggregator (EPD, Marx generator), where electrical pulses were applied at a 1-2 Hz repetition rate and discharges of approximately 220 kV for 15 minutes. The material, ranging in size from 500 µ to 25 µ, was subsequently processed using traditional techniques involving the Wilfley water table, Frantz paramagnetic separator, and a one-step (3.32 gm/cc) heavy liquid MEI separation. Zircons from the non-magnetic fraction were mounted together with standards in a 1-inch diameter epoxy puck and polished following standard laboratory procedures.After performing cathodoluminescence imaging in a JEOL 8500F field emission electron microprobe, we conducted U-Pb analyses using laser ablation ICP-MS at Washington State University. We utilized an Analyte G2 193nm excimer laser connected to the Element2 high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. For the U-Pb measurements, our methodology closely followed that of Chang et al. (2006), with the exception of using the 193nm laser instead of the 213nm laser. The laser parameters for the U-Pb analyses included a spot size ranging from 25 µm, a repetition rate of 10 Hz, with power of approximately 5 J/cm². He and Ar carrier gases delivered the sample aerosol to the plasma. Each analysis consisted of a short blank analysis followed by 250 sweeps through masses 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 232, 235, and 238, taking approximately 30 seconds in total. Unknowns were run in sets of 10 analyses bracketed by standards. Data processing was conducted offline using the Iolite software (Paton et al., 2010). U and Th concentrations were monitored by comparison to the zircon standards 91500.  Plesovice (Sláma et al., 2008) was used as a primary standard and FC-1 (Paces and Miller, 1993), and Fish Canyon Tuff (Schmitz and Bowring, 2001) as secondary standards. Common Pb correction was applied using the 207Pb method (Williams, 1998). U-Pb diagrams and ages were calculated using Isoplot (Ludwig, 2003).Interpreted ages are determined based on 206Pb/238U for grains younger than 1200 Ma and 206Pb/207Pb for grains older than 1200 Ma. Additionally, a soft filter of 30% was applied to rocks older than the Mesozoic. U-Pb zircon maximum deposition age errors are reported by calculating the quadratic sum of the analytical error and the total systematic error for the set of analyses (Valencia et al., 2005). Interpretations for detrital zircons are established using representative groups, which are those with three or more overlapping zircon ages (Gehrels et al., 2006). The maximum depositional age was calculated using the TuffZirc algorithm (Ludwig, 2003) from the youngest cluster ages (>6) that overlap within a 2σ error range. Zircons from the sandstone samples are clear, colorless, and exhibit various morphologies, primarily as long euhedral crystals. Minor proportions of subhedral to subrounded zircon crystals are also present. Zircons from the tuffs are clear, pink, long euhedral crystals with prominent bi-pyramidal terminations. Cathodoluminescence images reveal a straightforward growth history characterized by oscillatory to sector zoning.

Current two-phase cryogenic heat transfer models are used to predict flow behavior of cryogenic fluids during transfer, as a heat sink, and when used in specialized heat exchange applications. To address errors in current predictions for horizontal flow at low mass flux with large tubes, this dataset presents thermodynamic data and high-speed imaging for liquid nitrogen flow in a tube of inner diameter of 34.8 mm at mass fluxes smaller than 10 kg/(m^2 ^s). A description of the test apparatus, further details on test conditions, and comparison with existing models are given in the thesis, "Heat flux in low mass flux horizontal cryogenic flow". Included in this dataset are a table of steady and unsteady datapoints, time traces from each test, the most relevant images from each test, and Python files to plot data.

This dataset contains IR spectra of potassium tantalate (KTO3). KTaO3 single crystals annealed in hydrogen exhibit room temperature persistent photoconductivity (PPC). The oxygen-poor annealing environment creates oxygen vacancies that are substituted with hydrogen. A photon of energy near the indirect band gap (3.65 eV) can excite this defect, resulting in free electrons in the conduction band. This causes an increase in n-type conductivity of 4 orders of magnitude with a recovery time of 2-4 years. Hydrogen leaves the O site and forms an O–H bond that is observed by IR spectroscopy. In addition to the O-H peak, the IR spectra contain information about free-carrier absorption.

The TIERRAS project is an open-access platform that compiles a database of more than 400 tracer injection experiments in rivers and streams, sourced from previously published studies and reports. It also includes interactive features that allow users to explore, download, and contribute new data. The goal is to provide a centralized and accessible repository for researchers, environmental managers, and anyone interested in water quality, hydrological modeling, and stream solute dynamics. These experiments were collected from various sources, including published studies, unpublished data, and technical reports from different authors. The original data were in diverse formats and units; all data were curated and standardized to a consistent format and to the Imperial (U.S. customary) units. Visit TIERRAS at https://www.tierras.org/ Cite:Rodríguez, L., Aghababaei, M,. Tunby, P., Abusang, A., Tartakovsky, A., Carroll, K., Ginn, T., & González-Pinzón, R. (2025). TIERRAS Tracer Injection Experiments in RiveRs And Streams (2.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15793577

The TIERRAS project is an open-access platform that compiles a database of more than 400 tracer injection experiments in rivers and streams, sourced from previously published studies and reports. It also includes interactive features that allow users to explore, download, and contribute new data. The goal is to provide a centralized and accessible repository for researchers, environmental managers, and anyone interested in water quality, hydrological modeling, and stream solute dynamics. These experiments were collected from various sources, including published studies, unpublished data, and technical reports from different authors. The original data were in diverse formats and units; all data were curated and standardized to a consistent format and to the Imperial (U.S. customary) units. Visit TIERRAS at https://www.tierras.org/ Cite:Rodríguez, L., Aghababaei, M,. Tunby, P., Abusang, A., Tartakovsky, A., Carroll, K., Ginn, T., & González-Pinzón, R. (2025). TIERRAS Tracer Injection Experiments in RiveRs And Streams (2.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15793577

<b>Abstract</b><br/><p>Rapid adaptation during invasion has historically been considered limited and unpredictable. We leverage whole-genome sequencing of &gt;2600 plants across six continents to investigate the relative roles of colonization history and adaptation during the worldwide invasion of Trifolium repens. Introduced populations contain high levels of genetic variation with independent colonization histories evident on different continents. Five large structural variants on three chromosomes exist as standing genetic variation within the native range, and exhibit strong signatures of parallel climate-associated adaptation across continents. Common gardens in the native and introduced ranges demonstrate that three structural variants exhibit patterns of selection consistent with local adaptation across each range. Our results provide strong evidence that rapid and parallel adaptation during invasion is caused by large-effect structural variants introduced throughout the world.</p>

Rapid adaptation during invasion has historically been considered limited and unpredictable. We leverage whole-genome sequencing of >2600 plants across six continents to investigate the relative roles of colonization history and adaptation during the worldwide invasion of Trifolium repens. Introduced populations contain high levels of genetic variation with independent colonization histories evident on different continents. Five large structural variants on three chromosomes exist as standing genetic variation within the native range, and exhibit strong signatures of parallel climate-associated adaptation across continents. Common gardens in the native and introduced ranges demonstrate that three structural variants exhibit patterns of selection consistent with local adaptation across each range. Our results provide strong evidence that rapid and parallel adaptation during invasion is caused by large-effect structural variants introduced throughout the world.

This study investigates how adolescents from two culturally distinct Central African communities—the Aka hunter-gatherers and Ngandu farmers—perceive health, attractiveness, and marriageability, focusing on how local socio-ecological contexts shape perceptions of health, attraction, and mate preferences. The research examines how body mass index and parasite load relate to perceived health and attractiveness. Seventy-five adolescents (39 Aka and 36 Ngandu) evaluated photographs of peers for health, attractiveness, and marriagability, while physical health was objectively measured using anthropometric and parasitological data. Regression analyses revealed that BMI was a consistent and significant predictor of both perceived health and attractiveness, whereas total parasite load did not significantly influence either outcome. Notably, perceptions of health strongly predicted attractiveness and marriageability, but not vice versa. Ethnic and gender differences in perception were also found: Aka adolescents prioritized social traits like kindness and cooperation, while Ngandu participants emphasized physical cleanliness and robustness. Male raters showed more variability and stricter standards, particularly when evaluating females. These findings underscore the role of robust phenotypic features, such as BMI, in determining how health, beauty, and reproductive value are interpreted. This research contributes to understanding how evolutionarily evolved preferences and cultural contexts shape perceptions of health, attraction, and marriageability.

Wild bee communities in urban ecosystems are often challenged by habitat fragmentation and low floral diversity. In such settings, marginal land surrounding airports or in power line corridors may support bees, even with small habitat patches. However, temporal surveys of wild bees are lacking for many urban areas such as the Puget Sound region of western Washington State, USA. Here, we conducted wild bee surveys at three peri-urban sites in the Puget Sound over 7 years. Specifically, a standardized protocol was used to sample wild bee communities monthly from April to October at two sites associated with airports and one site in a power line corridor. In total, our surveys collected 25,441 specimens representing 118 confirmed species within 24 genera, with individual subsites having between 15 and 35 species in any year. The Halictidae represented the most individuals collected, with 47% of specimens. By genus, Lasioglossum was the most speciose (n = 21), with Bombus, Osmia, and Andrena also ubiquitous and diverse. Bee diversity was high across spring and summer, and our surveys resolved the presumptive overlap of parasites with their hosts. Our study shows that marginal lands requiring little management can support diverse wild bee communities in urban areas. Our work also provides a baseline for future evaluations of wild bee communities in the Puget Sound and broader Pacific Northwest.