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Anthropogenic land-use and climate change pose novel selection pressures on bees, yet their evolutionary responses in terms of morphological or physiological adaptations remain unclear. While adaptive responses are expected, these may be constrained by gene flow when changes in selection pressures are spatially heterogeneous. The buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) is a widespread species that copes well with anthropogenic land-use and climate change, suggesting high adaptive capacity or phenotypic plasticity. Here, we genotyped populations of native B. terrestris in south and central Sweden using RADseq to investigate genetic structure and local adaptation across a paired design of agricultural landscapes with high and low land-use complexity along a geographic climate gradient. We expected to find genetic structure reflective of regional barriers to gene flow, and molecular evidence for local adaptation to differing landscape and climate conditions. We found genetic structure separating southern Sweden from more northern regions, with a negative Tajima’s D indicating a potential population expansion, likely northwards and inland into forested areas, consistent with observational data indicating a range shift. We found weak but significant evidence for local adaptation to climate and land use, specifically to agricultural land cover, including genes under putative selection linked to insecticide resistance. Signatures of selection were also identified in relation to latitude, temperature, and urban land cover, with other candidate SNPs associated with olfaction and immune response. Our results suggest that B. terrestris successfully responded to anthropogenic land-use and climate changes, likely due to its generalist traits, enabling phenotypic adaptation to changing environments.

OzButterflies is a valuable resource for investigating phenotypic variation and the evolution of colour in butterflies. It includes photographic, CO1 sequences and reflectance data from 16 ecological communities across Australia, spanning more than 2,500 km and encompassing a broad range of climates and levels of urbanization. The dataset covers at least one individual from 125 species across five families, representing over a quarter of Australia's known butterfly diversity.It contains: •    Standardized, calibrated photographs in both visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) light of over 4000 specimens, all with a scale•    Wing spectral reflectance measurements for at least one male and one female of each species (when possible)•    Cytochrome Oxidase I (CO1) DNA sequences in ab1 format for over 1,600 individualsThis integrated dataset contains a multitude of morphological butterfly variation that can be used by a multitude of disciplines. Within Zenodo, specimen data are packaged into a zip file for each genus. The database can be downloaded directly from Zenodo, or using the R package ButtR (https://github.com/DiogoJackson/ButtR). ButtR simplifies downloading and unpacking the entire database or custom subsets, e.g. all data from a single species or site.

OzButterflies is a valuable resource for investigating phenotypic variation and the evolution of colour in butterflies. It includes photographic, CO1 sequences and reflectance data from 16 ecological communities across Australia, spanning more than 2,500 km and encompassing a broad range of climates and levels of urbanization. The dataset covers at least one individual from 125 species across five families, representing over a quarter of Australia's known butterfly diversity.It contains: •    Standardized, calibrated photographs in both visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) light of over 4000 specimens, all with a scale•    Wing spectral reflectance measurements for at least one male and one female of each species (when possible)•    Cytochrome Oxidase I (CO1) DNA sequences in ab1 format for over 1,600 individualsThis integrated dataset contains a multitude of morphological butterfly variation that can be used by a multitude of disciplines. Within Zenodo, specimen data are packaged into a zip file for each genus. The database can be downloaded directly from Zenodo, or using the R package ButtR (https://github.com/DiogoJackson/ButtR). ButtR simplifies downloading and unpacking the entire database or custom subsets, e.g. all data from a single species or site.

In this study, we tried to document the behavioural response of a polar marine predator to a glacier calving event in Antarctica.We focused on Weddell seals’ (Leptonychotes weddellii) response to the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in 2010, by:i) providing a detailed description of fine-scale changes in the sea-ice landscape following the calving event;ii) examining how these changes influenced the movement and diving behaviour of Weddell seals.Two types of data are available in this dataset: i) Conductivity Temperature Depth Satellite Relayed Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) were deployed on female Weddell seals in Terre Adélie (East Antarctica) at Dumont d'Urville Station (−66.66◦, 140.00◦) between 2006 and 2024, to study animals’ distribution and dives. The tags transmit information on their behaviour and location using the Argos satellite system. The data presented here includes the raw data transmitted by the tag, and the filtered data for analysis. ii) Antarctic landfast ice data were obtained from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite visible and thermal infrared imagery with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a fifteen-day time stamp. Prior to March 2018, landfast ice data were taken from the dataset of Fraser et al. (2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, doi: 10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020). After March 2018, landfast ice maps were produced ad hoc for the Dumont d'Urville region using individual cloud-free MODIS visible and thermal infrared imagery.Following the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in February 2010, seals spent more time in Commonwealth Bay (from 0.9% to 13% of their post-calving dive locations), consistent with earlier formation of landfast ice and its persistence post-calving (February 2019–2024). Landfast ice persisted in Commonwealth Bay from May onwards, although it was absent before the calving event (2006-2009). In Commonwealth Bay and west of Pointe Géologie Archipelago, seals also dived deeper after calving than before, suggesting changes in foraging strategies.Further details on the data are presented in the Metadata file.

In this study, we tried to document the behavioural response of a polar marine predator to a glacier calving event in Antarctica.We focused on Weddell seals’ (Leptonychotes weddellii) response to the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in 2010, by:i) providing a detailed description of fine-scale changes in the sea-ice landscape following the calving event;ii) examining how these changes influenced the movement and diving behaviour of Weddell seals.Two types of data are available in this dataset: i) Conductivity Temperature Depth Satellite Relayed Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) were deployed on female Weddell seals in Terre Adélie (East Antarctica) at Dumont d'Urville Station (−66.66◦, 140.00◦) between 2006 and 2024, to study animals’ distribution and dives. The tags transmit information on their behaviour and location using the Argos satellite system. The data presented here includes the raw data transmitted by the tag, and the filtered data for analysis. ii) Antarctic landfast ice data were obtained from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite visible and thermal infrared imagery with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a fifteen-day time stamp. Prior to March 2018, landfast ice data were taken from the dataset of Fraser et al. (2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, doi: 10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020). After March 2018, landfast ice maps were produced ad hoc for the Dumont d'Urville region using individual cloud-free MODIS visible and thermal infrared imagery.Following the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in February 2010, seals spent more time in Commonwealth Bay (from 0.9% to 13% of their post-calving dive locations), consistent with earlier formation of landfast ice and its persistence post-calving (February 2019–2024). Landfast ice persisted in Commonwealth Bay from May onwards, although it was absent before the calving event (2006-2009). In Commonwealth Bay and west of Pointe Géologie Archipelago, seals also dived deeper after calving than before, suggesting changes in foraging strategies.Further details on the data are presented in the Metadata file.

In this study, we tried to document the behavioural response of a polar marine predator to a glacier calving event in Antarctica.We focused on Weddell seals’ (Leptonychotes weddellii) response to the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in 2010, by:i) providing a detailed description of fine-scale changes in the sea-ice landscape following the calving event;ii) examining how these changes influenced the movement and diving behaviour of Weddell seals.Two types of data are available in this dataset: i) Conductivity Temperature Depth Satellite Relayed Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) were deployed on female Weddell seals in Terre Adélie (East Antarctica) at Dumont d'Urville Station (−66.66◦, 140.00◦) between 2006 and 2024, to study animals’ distribution and dives. The tags transmit information on their behaviour and location using the Argos satellite system. The data presented here includes the raw data transmitted by the tag, and the filtered data for analysis. ii) Antarctic landfast ice data were obtained from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite visible and thermal infrared imagery with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a fifteen-day time stamp. Prior to March 2018, landfast ice data were taken from the dataset of Fraser et al. (2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, doi: 10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020). After March 2018, landfast ice maps were produced ad hoc for the Dumont d'Urville region using individual cloud-free MODIS visible and thermal infrared imagery.Following the calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in February 2010, seals spent more time in Commonwealth Bay (from 0.9% to 13% of their post-calving dive locations), consistent with earlier formation of landfast ice and its persistence post-calving (February 2019–2024). Landfast ice persisted in Commonwealth Bay from May onwards, although it was absent before the calving event (2006-2009). In Commonwealth Bay and west of Pointe Géologie Archipelago, seals also dived deeper after calving than before, suggesting changes in foraging strategies.Further details on the data are presented in the Metadata file.