High environmental P_CO2 in aquatic systems typically impairs physiologyand performance in ectotherms; however, the effects of high CO₂ onprotein degradation, a key process in protein homeostasis and growth,remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects ofincreasing environmental P_CO2 (ambient, 5000 and 10,000 μatm) onmetabolism, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination (an indicator ofprotein degradation) in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Standardmetabolic rate was elevated by >2-fold at 5000 and 10,000 μatmP_CO2, but this was not associated with increased post-prandialoxygen consumption or oxidative protein damage. However, levels ofprotein K48 ubiquitin were reduced by up to 10-fold at 10,000 μatmP_CO2 compared with ambient controls, suggesting high P_CO2 severelyaffects protein degradation. Our findings reveal that while P. vannameiappear resistant to elevated CO₂, fundamental modifications to proteindegradation and homeostasis may affect long-term performance andgrowth in this species.

High environmental P_CO2 in aquatic systems typically impairs physiologyand performance in ectotherms; however, the effects of high CO₂ onprotein degradation, a key process in protein homeostasis and growth,remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects ofincreasing environmental P_CO2 (ambient, 5000 and 10,000 μatm) onmetabolism, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination (an indicator ofprotein degradation) in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Standardmetabolic rate was elevated by >2-fold at 5000 and 10,000 μatmP_CO2, but this was not associated with increased post-prandialoxygen consumption or oxidative protein damage. However, levels ofprotein K48 ubiquitin were reduced by up to 10-fold at 10,000 μatmP_CO2 compared with ambient controls, suggesting high P_CO2 severelyaffects protein degradation. Our findings reveal that while P. vannameiappear resistant to elevated CO₂, fundamental modifications to proteindegradation and homeostasis may affect long-term performance andgrowth in this species.

This dataset contains species mass, respiration, burial times, sediment particle analysis, redox potential depths, and water nutrient concentrations (ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, nitrite, and phosphate) data obtained from two separate laboratory experiments involving the following macroinvertebrate species held at different densities: Amphiura filiformis, Amphiura chiajei, Turritellinella tricarinata, Edwardsia claparedii, Sternaspsis scutata, Paraleptopentacta elongata, Hediste diversicolor, and Nephtys hombergii. The macroinvertebrates were collected from various locations around the UK (Plymouth, Oban, and Newcastle) on 6 occasions between May 2021 and February 2022. Subtidal species were collected using a Van Veen grab or Agassiz trawl (depths 10-42 m) whilst intertidal species were collected at low tide in mud flats by bucket and spade. The experiments were conducted at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton from June 2021 - April 2022. One experiment tested the effects of season and geographic locality on body size, burial traits, bioirrigation, sediment oxygen penetration depth and respiration, and nutrient release with all measurements taken at the end of the 1.5-month experiment. The second experiment focused on how individual density and climate conditions impact burial traits, bioirrigation, sediment nutrient release and sediment redox discontinuity depth with all measurements being taken at the end of the 2-month experiment. Body size was measured using digital weighing scales, burial traits were measured using fluorescent sediment profile imaging and video analysis, sediment respiration was measured using optical oxygen probes and oxygen penetration depth was measured using a motorised sediment depth profiler, and nutrient release measured using a flow injection auto-analyser. Bioirrigation was measured at the end of both experiments by taking water samples at 0, 4 and 8 hours and analysed using a flow injection auto-analyser. Sediment redox discontinuity was measured using sediment profile imaging. These data were collected to investigate intraspecific variability in functional trait expression in marine bioturbating benthic invertebrate fauna. Data were generated under NERC Discovery Science project 'Implications of intraspecific trait variability across different environmental conditions for projections of marine ecosystem futures' (grant reference NE/T001577/1).

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