Electric eels evolved remarkable electric organs that enable them to instantaneously discharge hundreds of volts for predation, defense, and communication. However, the absence of a high-quality reference genome has extremely constrained the studies of electric eels in various aspects.
Using high-depth, multi-platform sequencing data, we successfully assembled the first telomere-to-telomere high-quality reference genome of Electrophorus electricus, which has a genome size of 833.43 Mb and comprises 26 chromosomes. Multiple evaluations, including N50 statistics (30.38 Mb), BUSCO scores (97.30%), and mapping ratio of short-insert sequencing data (99.91%) demonstrate the high contiguity and completeness of the electric eel genome assembly we obtained. Genome annotation predicted 396.63 Mb repetitive sequences and 20,992 protein-coding genes. Furthermore, evolutionary analyses indicate that Gymnotiformes, which the electric eel belongs to, has a closer relationship with Characiformes than Siluriformes, and diverged from Characiformes at 95.00 million years ago. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent analysis found a sharply decreased trend of the population size of E. electricus over the past few hundred thousand years. Furthermore, many regulatory factors related to neurotransmitters and classical signaling pathways during embryonic development were significantly expanded, potentially contributing to the generation of high-voltage electricity.
This study not only provided the first high-quality telomere-to-telomere reference genome of E. electricus, but also greatly enhanced our understanding of electric eels.

No description available

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Liu, Shuo, Mo, Mingzhong, Guo, Jimin, Lu, Yi, Wang, Wen, Zhang, Wenxiang, Rao, Dingqi, Li, Song (2024): First record of Amolops truongi Pham, Pham, Ngo, Sung, Ziegler & Le, 2023 (Anura, Ranidae) from China. Herpetozoa 37: 149-156, DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.37.e121610

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wang, Wen, Chen, ShuaiFei (2023): Identification and pathogenicity of Aurifilum species (Cryphonectriaceae, Diaporthales) on Terminalia species in Southern China. MycoKeys 98: 37-58, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.104719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.104719

The rosy bitterling or Tairiku baratanago (Rhodeus ocellatus) is a small freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae (carp), native to East Asia from the Amur River basin to the Pearl River basin. Females are about 45 cm (1.62.0 in) long and males are 58 cm (2.03.1 in). Their bodies are flat with an argent-colored luster. However, males change to a reddish (sometimes purple) color during the spawning season (March to September) which functions to attract females. This reddish color is similar to the color of a red rose, which is why it is called a rosy bitterling.
Rosy bitterlings live in ponds (reservoirs) where freshwater mussels are abundant. Farm ponds are an important habitat for not only rosy bitterlings, but also mussels and plankton. Eggs grow in the mussels' gills and juveniles stay inside the mussel about 15 to 30 days after fertilization. Eggs hatch after about three days when juveniles are about 2.8 mm long. The body has a unique shape resembling the bud of a matsutake mushroom. Juveniles swim out of the mussel from the margin of the excurrent siphon. At this point, juveniles are about 7.5 mm long and about the same shape as adults.Usually, juveniles grow around 4050 mm within one year, when they become adults. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 850.5Mb, scaffold N50 4,198,183, contig N50 4,198,183

Pseudobrama simoni is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China. It is the only species in its genus. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 940.9Mb, scaffold N50 13,799,189, contig N50 13,799,189

Kissing gourami, also known as kissing fish or kissers (Helostoma temminkii), are medium-sized tropical freshwater fish. They can be food fish which are farmed in their native Southeast Asia. Typical of gourami, the body is deep and strongly compressed laterally. The most distinctive feature of the kissing gourami is its mouth. Other than being terminal (forward-facing) rather than superior (upward-facing) as in other gourami families, the kissing gourami's mouth is highly protrusible as its family name suggests, the lips are lined with horny teeth. The visible scales of the body are ctenoid, whereas the scales of the top of the head are cycloid.
Kissing gourami reach a maximum of 30 cm (12 in) in total length. There is no outward sexual dimorphism and is difficult to almost impossible to distinguish the sexes. Two color morphs are encountered: greens, which have lengthwise lateral stripes and opaque, dark brown fins; and pink, which have a rose to orangy pink body and silvery scales, with transparent pinkish fins. Helostoma teminkii is an omnivorous microfagic filtering fish, whose nutrition is based on a wide variety of food sources, such as insects, algae, larvae from other species and other microorganisms found on submerged species. The mouth, teeth, gills and especially the intramedibular joint described above make this fish a very well adapted species: it is able to find nutrients in places where other species cannot be such as algal-covered surfaces.
Shallow, slow-moving, and thickly vegetated backwaters are the kissing gourami's natural habitat. They are midwater omnivores that primarily graze on benthic algae and aquatic plants, with insects taken from the surface. They are also filter feeders, using their use many gill rakers to supplement their diet with plankton. The fish use their toothed lips to rasp algae from stones and other surfaces. This rasping action, which (to humans) looks superficially like kissing, is also used by males to challenge the dominancy of conspecifics.
Spawning occurs from May to October in Thailand. Kissing gourami are open-water egg scatterers; spawning is initiated by the female and takes place under cover of floating vegetation. The eggs, which the adults do not guard, are spherical, smooth, and buoyant. Initial development is rapid: the eggs hatch after one day, and the fry are free-swimming two days thereafter. The kissing gourami does not care for its young. They are used fresh for steaming, baking, broiling, and pan frying. The kissing gourami is a popular aquarium fish. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 729.7Mb, scaffold N50 913,351, contig N50 95,536

The copperband butterflyfish (Chelmon rostratus), also known as the beaked coral fish, is found in reefs in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The butterflyfish is one of the three species that make up the genus Chelmon and all have long beaks. These fish are easily identified by the yellow banding and long snout. The young fish are similar in appearance to adult fish. Butterflyfish grow up to 20 cm in length.The fish appears taller than its length because of its compressed, deep-bodied form with a long dorsal and posterior fins as well as its vertical yellow stripes on a white background. The snout is long and slender, and the dark eye of the fish is less conspicuous than the dark eye-spot on the dorsal fin. The base of the tail features a dark band that runs perpendicular to the tail. Butterflyfish may be distinguished from the similar C. marginalis by their color pattern and number of dorsal fin rays.
Copperband butterflyfish are found at depths of 125 metres either alone or in pairs. These fish form monogamous pairs during breeding. They are usually found on coral reefs or rocky shorelines, and also in estuaries and silty inner reefs. This species is territorial and oviparous. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 711.4Mb, scaffold N50 2,627,953, contig N50 294,414

Naso vlamingii is a species of unicornfish in the surgeonfish family known by the common names bignose unicornfish, scibbled unicornfish, Vlaming's unicornfish, and zebra unicornfish. N. vlamingii is a relatively large member of the Acanthuridae, easily reaching 60 cm. The adult has tall dorsal and anal fins, vertical blue lines on its sides, and small blue spots dorsally and ventrally. A broad blue band extends from the eyes to the prominent snout. The coloration of the juvenile is a dingy green with blue spots and lips, later turning deeper blue with purple markings. The fish turns mud-brown while sleeping or when frightened, a form of camouflage.
N. vlamingii is found in the Indo-Pacific oceans off the coasts of East Africa, on the islands of the Marquesas and Tuamotu, southern Japan and southern areas of the Great Barrier Reef. This fish is mostly herbivorous but will eat small crustaceans such as copepods. In captivity brine shrimp and mysid shrimp.
Most of its natural diet is algae. It is most often found in association with reefs and coastal lagoons, sometimes in small schools. N. vlamingii has very little to commercial fishers but is occasionally available in the marine aquarium industry, where it is a higher-priced, more uncommon tang. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 961.4Mb, scaffold N50 5,736,754, contig N50 182,642

The African arowana or Nile arowana (Heterotis niloticus) is a species of bonytongue. It is a long-bodied fish with large scales, long dorsal and anal fins set far back on the body, and a rounded caudal fin. Its height is 3.5 to 5.0 times standard length. It has been reported to reach up to 1 m (3.3 ft) long and weigh up to 10.2 kg (22 lb).
The fish is gray, brown, or bronze in color. Coloration is uniform in adults, but juveniles often have dark longitudinal bands. African arowanas have air-breathing organs on its branchiae, enabling them to survive in oxygen-depleted water. A suprabranchial organ allows it to concentrate small planktonic food particles and also has a sensory function.
This species is widespread throughout Africa, where it is native to all the watersheds in Sahelo-Sudanese region, Senegal, and Gambia, as well as parts of eastern Africa. This range includes the basins of the Corubal, Volta, Oueme, Niger, Benoue, and Nile Rivers, as well as those of Lake Chad and Lake Turkana. It has been successfully introduced to Cote d'Ivoire, the Cross River in Nigeria, the Sanaga and Nyong Rivers in Cameroon, and the Ogooue River in Gabon, as well as the lower and middle Congo River basin, including Ubangui and Kasai Rivers. It has also been introduced in Madagascar. In some cases, introduction is reported to have had a negative impact on the local ecology.
African arowana is used locally as a food and has been collected in the past for the aquarium trade, but behavior of it in captivity. It is not feral or aggressive like its relatives. Here we present the genome, which has an estimated genome size of 743.4Mb, scaffold N50 9,615,753, contig N50 2,307,881