The Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is a large penguin, standing over 1 meter tall, with distinctive black, yellow and white markings. Like most penguins, the emperor penguins are indigenous to Antarctica and exist between the 66th and 78th parallels.Famous for its unique social and reproductive behavior, the emperor penguin also possesses a number of other notable evolutionary qualities: its stature, its feathers, its incubation process, and its swimming capabilities. The Aptenodytes forsteri genome offers new insights into this remarkable bird.

The Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is an iconic penguin of moderate stature and a tuxedo of black and white feathers. The penguins are only found in the Antarctic region and surrounding islands. Being very sensitive to climate change, and due to changes in their behavior based on minor shifts in climate, they are often used as a barometer of the Antarctic.
With its status as one of the adorable and cuddly flightless birds of Antarctica, they serve as an example for conservation, and as a result they are now categorised at low risk for endangerment. The sequence of the penguin can be of use in understanding the genetic underpinnings of its evolutionary traits and adaptation to its extreme environment; its unique system of feathers; its prowess as a diver; and its sensitivity to climate change. We hope that this genome data will further our understanding of one of the most remarkable creatures to waddle the planet Earth.
We sequenced the genome of an adult male from Inexpressible Island, Ross Sea, Antartica (provided by David Lambert) to a depth of approximately 60X with short reads from a series of libraries with various insert sizes (200bp- 20kb). The assembled scaffolds of high quality sequences total 1.23 Gb, with the contig and scaffold N50 values of 19 kb and 5 mb respectively. We identified 15,270 protein-coding genes with a mean length of 21.3 kb.

Here we present Aboriginal Australian (Homo sapiens) genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century.The nuclear genome was sequenced to an overall depth of 6.4-fold. It had a high degree of fragmentation, but no genotype level evidence of sample contamination by DNA from sample handlers of European descent was detected. Over 2 million SNPs were identified after genome mapping and genotyping, approximately 6 percent of which were not previously reported. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) was sequenced to an average depth of 338x and found to belong to a new subclade of haplogroup O.