These files are the two Supplementary Materials of the report 'Invasive Alien Species Horizon Scanning in support of implementation of Regulation 1143/2014 - Final Study Report', as produced by IUCN together with several scientific experts from Europe in 2025. An updated methodology was put together, consisting of gathering species lists from global horizon scanning exercises and additional databases. These lists were refined, after which a rapid assessment of a subset of some species was undertaken to evaluate their potential invasiveness, followed by consensus building to achieve a final list of prioritised species through an in-person workshop.Supplementary Material 1 refers to the lists of species that were excluded from the initial long list of candidate species due to:  1) a lack of robust distribution data and 2) their being considered widely spread in the EU, defined as occurring in three or more 50x50 km grid cells in the EU, based on GBIF data.Supplementary Material 2 includes 1) a list of 57 species that were deemed to present the highest threats to biodiversity in the EU in the next 10 years, 2) a list of 108 species that were deemed to also be of high risk to EU biodiversity and 3) the 457 remaining species that were put forward for scoring by the experts. This dataset represents a raw supplement to the original report. A tidy plain text file format will be made available for use in R or python linked to this dataset.

These files are the two Supplementary Materials of the report 'Invasive Alien Species Horizon Scanning in support of implementation of Regulation 1143/2014 - Final Study Report', as produced by IUCN together with several scientific experts from Europe in 2025. An updated methodology was put together, consisting of gathering species lists from global horizon scanning exercises and additional databases. These lists were refined, after which a rapid assessment of a subset of some species was undertaken to evaluate their potential invasiveness, followed by consensus building to achieve a final list of prioritised species through an in-person workshop.Supplementary Material 1 refers to the lists of species that were excluded from the initial long list of candidate species due to:  1) a lack of robust distribution data and 2) their being considered widely spread in the EU, defined as occurring in three or more 50x50 km grid cells in the EU, based on GBIF data.Supplementary Material 2 includes 1) a list of 57 species that were deemed to present the highest threats to biodiversity in the EU in the next 10 years, 2) a list of 108 species that were deemed to also be of high risk to EU biodiversity and 3) the 457 remaining species that were put forward for scoring by the experts. This dataset represents a raw supplement to the original report. A tidy plain text file format will be made available for use in R or python linked to this dataset.

Irene Gil-Luna, Lluís Zamora, Pilar Risueño, Ignacio Doadrio, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Anne E. Magurran & Emili García-Berthou. Invasive mosquitofish impact a threatened toothcarp through water quality impairment and resource competition. Neobiota: in press.

Irene Gil-Luna, Lluís Zamora, Pilar Risueño, Ignacio Doadrio, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Anne E. Magurran & Emili García-Berthou. Invasive mosquitofish impact a threatened toothcarp through water quality impairment and resource competition. Neobiota: in review.

Irene Gil-Luna, Lluís Zamora, Pilar Risueño, Ignacio Doadrio, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Anne E. Magurran & Emili García-Berthou. Invasive mosquitofish impact a threatened toothcarp through water quality impairment and resource competition. Neobiota: in press.

Irene Gil-Luna, Lluís Zamora, Pilar Risueño, Ignacio Doadrio, Carlos Fernández-Delgado, Anne E. Magurran & Emili García-Berthou. Invasive mosquitofish impact a threatened toothcarp through water quality impairment and resource competition. Neobiota: in press.

Raw data of environmental variables and microcrustacean abundance community matrixR scripts used in the study

Raw data of environmental variables and microcrustacean abundance community matrixR scripts used in the study

Rivers are ecosystems highly threatened by human activities and fish are an invaluable tool to measure and communicate environmental degradation and restoration. Fish bioassessment is crucial but notoriously difficult in Mediterranean-climate streams for a number of reasons, including low local species richness, faunas with high spatial turnover and generalist species, and scarcity of reference sites. In this study, we conducted the most comprehensive test of the pan-European fish index (EFI+) in the Iberian Peninsula, analysing its response to multiple anthropogenic pressures. We compiled a database, which we provide online, with 2970 electrofishing samples across Spain, involving 100,732 fish of 69 species. Principal component analyses of many quantitative variables were used to create new synthetic anthropogenic pressure indices. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the relationship between these pressures and the fish index (EFI+) and its four individual metrics scores (i.e., density of species intolerant to oxygen depletion, density of fish ≤150 mm of species intolerant to habitat degradation, richness of species of rheophilic reproduction habitat, and density of species of lithophilic reproduction habitat). We also obtained the same models but including the river basin district to test for spatial or methodological differences. Our results indicate that both the EFI+ index and its individual metrics respond to various anthropogenic pressures. These pressures explained about 36% of the variance of EFI+ values. Notably, downstream and mainstream reaches with higher agricultural or urban land uses, increased hydrologic alteration, and water and habitat quality impairment exhibited lower EFI+values. Although less variance was explained for the individual metrics than for the fish index, they responded as expected to the different pressures. For instance, the richness of rheophilic species and the number of lithophilic fish decreased with hydrologic alteration, while the number of fish intolerant to oxygen depletion decreased with water quality impairment. Similar correlations were observed when river basin district was included in the model, but with higher explained variation and greater significance of the pressures. While it is possible to develop regional indices with more metrics and a stronger correlation with anthropogenic pressures, EFI+ is the only fish index that has been validated throughout the Spanish peninsular territory. Our results support the use of EFI+ in intercalibrationexercises across Spain until better regional indices are developed.

Article DOI: 10.1111/faf.12832Eighty years ago, George S. Myers classified inland fishes in three divisions (primary, secondary and peripheral) based on their salinity tolerance and eco-evolutionary history. Although this classification has been followed by many fish studies, it has also received considerable criticism. Here, we aim to test for differences in salinity and thermal tolerance, species traits and distribution patterns among the three divisions using data for about 21,000 species. We found that primary fishes have much less salinity tolerance than secondary and peripheral species, with some secondary fishes displaying the highest tolerances (> 100 ppt). We also provide, for the first time, evidence of significant phylogenetic signal of salinity tolerance, comparable in magnitude to conservative traits, and show that studied peripheral and secondary species have maintained or even developed salinity tolerance, in contrast to primary fishes. Although peripheral fishes are the most different, and despite the large variability observed within some families, primary and secondary species also show differences in morphology and life history traits. The distribution ranges and genetic diversity of primary and secondary fish divisions are similar and differ from peripheral species, suggesting that although there is evidence of oceanic dispersal of a few secondary fishes at evolutionary time scales, it is a rare contemporary phenomenon. Importantly, a few findings outlined in this study, namely differences in salinity tolerance, rely on limited data. Thus, we urge for additional empirical research on the salinity tolerance of freshwater fish, which remains largely unexplored, to help clarify differences among and within clades.