Recently, both international and Chinese guidelines have mentioned for the first time that blood pressure (BP) target range is more reasonable and workable than BP target in clinical practice, and time in target range (TTR) could become a potential evaluation indicator for long-term blood pressure management. Until now, there was no research on the long-term effects of antihypertensive treatment on systolic BP (SBP) TTR. The objective, therefore, is to observe the impact of long-acting calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on BP TTR in Chinese patients with hypertension (HTN). A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the China Cardiovascular Association Hypertension Centre, including 36,153 adult patients diagnosed with primary HTN and treated with amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The primary endpoint was the SBP TTR. Other endpoints included the annual trend of SBP TTR, factors influencing SBP TTR, etc. Results showed an overall SBP TTR was 80.42 ± 21.97%. The SBP TTR at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 79.49 ± 26.16%, 81.86 ± 25.10% and 82.79 ± 25.77%, respectively, showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). Seven factors were positively correlated with SBP TTR, while three factors were negatively correlated with SBP TTR including heart failure, high baseline SBP level, and high LDL-C level. Long-term and continuous use of amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy could improve SBP TTR. This finding may relate to the characteristic of amlodipine which is a long-acting drug due to pharmacokinetic properties. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2400090150. What is the context?Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability (BPV). In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR have not well studied. Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability (BPV). In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR have not well studied. What is new?This study analysed more than 3 years of data from 36, 153 Chinese adults with primary HTN who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy.The key findings included:Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing.Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR.Figure out seven positive factors and three negative factors which were correlated with SBP TTR. This study analysed more than 3 years of data from 36, 153 Chinese adults with primary HTN who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy. The key findings included: Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing. Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR. Figure out seven positive factors and three negative factors which were correlated with SBP TTR. What is the impact?These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management.In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence.Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardised treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more. These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management. In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence. Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardised treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more.

Background Recently, both international and Chinese guidelines have mentioned for the first time that BP target range is more reasonable and workable than BP target in clinical practice, and time in target range (TTR) could become a potential evaluation indicator for long-term blood pressure management. Until now, there was no research on the long-term effects of antihypertensive treatment on systolic blood pressure (SBP) TTR. The objective, therefore, is to observe the impact of long acting CCBs on BP TTR in Chinese patients with hypertension. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the China Cardiovascular Association Hypertension Center, including 36,153 adult patients diagnosed with primary hypertension and treated with amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy between Jan 1, 2018, and Dec 31, 2022. The primary endpoint was the SBP TTR. Other endpoints included the annual trend of SBP TTR, factors influencing SBP TTR, etc. Results Results showed an overall SBP TTR was 80.42 ± 21.97%. The SBP TTR at 1, 2, and 3 years of follow-up were 79.49 ± 26.16%, 81.86 ± 25.10% and 82.79 ± 25.77%, respectively, showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). Seven factors were positively correlated with SBP TTR, while three factors were negatively correlated with SBP TTR including heart failure, high baseline SBP level, and high LDL-C level. Conclusion Long-term and continuous use of amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy could improve SBP TTR. This finding may relate to the characteristic of amlodipine which is a long-acting drug due to pharmacokinetic properties. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2400090150 What is the context?Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability. In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR was not well studied. Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability. In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR was not well studied. What is new?This study analyzed more than 3 years of data from 36,153 Chinese adults with primary hypertension who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy.The key findings included:Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing.Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR. This study analyzed more than 3 years of data from 36,153 Chinese adults with primary hypertension who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy. The key findings included:Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing.Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR. Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing. Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR. Figure out seven positive factors and three negative factors which were correlated with SBP TTR. What is the impact?These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management.In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence.Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardized treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more. These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management. In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence. Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardized treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more.

Recently, both international and Chinese guidelines have mentioned for the first time that blood pressure (BP) target range is more reasonable and workable than BP target in clinical practice, and time in target range (TTR) could become a potential evaluation indicator for long-term blood pressure management. Until now, there was no research on the long-term effects of antihypertensive treatment on systolic BP (SBP) TTR. The objective, therefore, is to observe the impact of long-acting calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on BP TTR in Chinese patients with hypertension (HTN). A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the China Cardiovascular Association Hypertension Centre, including 36,153 adult patients diagnosed with primary HTN and treated with amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The primary endpoint was the SBP TTR. Other endpoints included the annual trend of SBP TTR, factors influencing SBP TTR, etc. Results showed an overall SBP TTR was 80.42 ± 21.97%. The SBP TTR at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 79.49 ± 26.16%, 81.86 ± 25.10% and 82.79 ± 25.77%, respectively, showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). Seven factors were positively correlated with SBP TTR, while three factors were negatively correlated with SBP TTR including heart failure, high baseline SBP level, and high LDL-C level. Long-term and continuous use of amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy could improve SBP TTR. This finding may relate to the characteristic of amlodipine which is a long-acting drug due to pharmacokinetic properties. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2400090150. What is the context?Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability (BPV). In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR have not well studied. Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. Physicians usually measure blood pressure (BP) during clinic visits, but this only provides a single snapshot of BP control. Time in target range (TTR) is considered a new approach to evaluate long-term BP management by international and domestic guidelines. TTR reflects the prevailing BP during the follow-up period and the magnitude of BP variability (BPV). In China, amlodipine—a long-acting antihypertensive therapy—is widely used, but its long-term effects on TTR have not well studied. What is new?This study analysed more than 3 years of data from 36, 153 Chinese adults with primary HTN who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy.The key findings included:Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing.Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR.Figure out seven positive factors and three negative factors which were correlated with SBP TTR. This study analysed more than 3 years of data from 36, 153 Chinese adults with primary HTN who continuous prescribe amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy. The key findings included: Overall SBP TTR was over 80% and the annual trend of SBP TTR was increasing. Follow-up frequency and target range significantly influence the value of TTR. Figure out seven positive factors and three negative factors which were correlated with SBP TTR. What is the impact?These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management.In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence.Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardised treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more. These findings provide strong evidence that continuous long-acting antihypertensive therapy, such as amlodipine, can effectively improve long-term BP management. In clinical practice, reasonable follow-up frequency and target range should be accurately defined based on more evidence. Factors influencing SBP TTR underscore the importance of early detection, timely and standardised treatment, long-term regular follow-up, and improved medication compliance once more.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Summary statistic data of eGFRcrea GWAS, kidney eQTL and kidney mQTL data
Kidney mQTL mapping was performed based on genotype and DNA methylation data of kidney samples from 443 trans-ancestry individuals (79% are of European ancestry). The significance of the top associated variants per CpG was estimated by adaptive permutation in FastQTL using the covariates above and the setting “--permute 1000”. Beta distribution-adjusted empirical p-values from FastQTL were used to calculate q-values using Storey’s q method, and a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of ≤0.01 was applied to identify CpGs with a significant mQTL. Totally, we identified 139,313 mCpGs and 13,771,378 significant SNP-mCpG pairs
eGFRcrea GWAS meta-analysis was performed in 1,508,659 trans-ancestry individuals (80% are of European ancestry) by integrating five GWAS studies. We identified 90,950 variants showing genome wide significant (p < 5E-8) association with eGFRcrea.
Kidney eQTL meta-analysis was performed in 686 trans-ancestry individuals (72% are of European ancestry) by integrating four eQTL studies. To define eGenes, we used the Storey approach to calculate q values for all associations for each gene. With significant q value (< 0.01), we identified 10,430 eGenes and 1,222,250 significant SNP-gene pairs.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Summary statistic data of eGFRcrea GWAS, kidney eQTL and kidney mQTL data
Kidney mQTL mapping was performed based on genotype and DNA methylation data of kidney samples from 443 trans-ancestry individuals (79% are of European ancestry). The significance of the top associated variants per CpG was estimated by adaptive permutation in FastQTL using the covariates above and the setting “--permute 1000”. Beta distribution-adjusted empirical p-values from FastQTL were used to calculate q-values using Storey’s q method, and a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of ≤0.01 was applied to identify CpGs with a significant mQTL. Totally, we identified 139,313 mCpGs and 13,771,378 significant SNP-mCpG pairs
eGFRcrea GWAS meta-analysis was performed in 1,508,659 trans-ancestry individuals (80% are of European ancestry) by integrating five GWAS studies. We identified 90,950 variants showing genome wide significant (p < 5E-8) association with eGFRcrea.
Kidney eQTL meta-analysis was performed in 686 trans-ancestry individuals (72% are of European ancestry) by integrating four eQTL studies. To define eGenes, we used the Storey approach to calculate q values for all associations for each gene. With significant q value (< 0.01), we identified 10,430 eGenes and 1,222,250 significant SNP-gene pairs.

Summary statistic data of eGFRcrea GWAS, kidney eQTL and kidney mQTL data
Kidney mQTL mapping was performed based on genotype and DNA methylation data of kidney samples from 443 trans-ancestry individuals (79% are of European ancestry). The significance of the top associated variants per CpG was estimated by adaptive permutation in FastQTL using the covariates above and the setting “--permute 1000”. Beta distribution-adjusted empirical p-values from FastQTL were used to calculate q-values using Storey’s q method, and a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of ≤0.01 was applied to identify CpGs with a significant mQTL. Totally, we identified 139,313 mCpGs and 13,771,378 significant SNP-mCpG pairs
eGFRcrea GWAS meta-analysis was performed in 1,508,659 trans-ancestry individuals (80% are of European ancestry) by integrating five GWAS studies. We identified 90,950 variants showing genome wide significant (p < 5E-8) association with eGFRcrea.
Kidney eQTL meta-analysis was performed in 686 trans-ancestry individuals (72% are of European ancestry) by integrating four eQTL studies. To define eGenes, we used the Storey approach to calculate q values for all associations for each gene. With significant q value (< 0.01), we identified 10,430 eGenes and 1,222,250 significant SNP-gene pairs.

Summary statistic data of eGFRcrea GWAS, kidney eQTL and kidney mQTL data
Kidney mQTL mapping was performed based on genotype and DNA methylation data of kidney samples from 443 trans-ancestry individuals (79% are of European ancestry). The significance of the top associated variants per CpG was estimated by adaptive permutation in FastQTL using the covariates above and the setting “--permute 1000”. Beta distribution-adjusted empirical p-values from FastQTL were used to calculate q-values using Storey’s q method, and a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of ≤0.01 was applied to identify CpGs with a significant mQTL. Totally, we identified 139,313 mCpGs and 13,771,378 significant SNP-mCpG pairs
eGFRcrea GWAS meta-analysis was performed in 1,508,659 trans-ancestry individuals (80% are of European ancestry) by integrating five GWAS studies. We identified 90,950 variants showing genome wide significant (p < 5E-8) association with eGFRcrea.
Kidney eQTL meta-analysis was performed in 686 trans-ancestry individuals (72% are of European ancestry) by integrating four eQTL studies. To define eGenes, we used the Storey approach to calculate q values for all associations for each gene. With significant q value (< 0.01), we identified 10,430 eGenes and 1,222,250 significant SNP-gene pairs.