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Semi-quantitative elemental concentrations from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scans were measured for six sediment cores obtained during the iMirabilis2 expedition off Cabo Verde. The analyses were conducted using an Avaatech XRF core scanner at the Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel University. The sediment from the core halves was smoothed with a spatula to create an even scanning surface, which was then covered with a thin film foil to prevent contamination. The resolution was set to 0.5 cm. The elements Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn were analysed with the 10-kV setting (200 µA, 10s acquisition time, no filter) and the elements Br, Rb, Sr, Zr and Pb were analysed with the 30-kV setting (1000 µA, 20s acquisition time, Pd-thick filter). Raw X-ray spectra were converted into area counts using the iterative least-square software package WIN_AXIL from Canberra Eurisys. Elements that yielded negative area values are excluded. 'Ka' and 'La' after the element denote the energy state of the electrons being measured in the atom, with level 'Ka' being closest to the nucleus with the lowest energy state, while level 'La' is farther from the nucleus and has a higher energy state. Units are reported as area counts per second for the spectral peaks of each element, alongside chi-squares and standard deviations from the models. Additionally, pictures and lithological descriptions of the six cores are included.

This dataset provides absolute abundance data of planktonic foraminifera (identified at the species level), benthic foraminifera and radiolaria (both counted as total numbers). The microfossils were obtained from a sediment core collected at 4394 m water depth off the Cabo Verde archipelago which covers most of the Holocene Epoch. Counts were performed on the >150 µm sediment fraction, with a minimum of 300 planktonic foraminifera specimens per sample.

This dataset presents combined stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and Mg/Ca ratios for the surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber albus (G. ruber sensu stricto morphotype, as defined by Wang, 2000). Al/Ca, Fe/Ca, and Mn/Ca ratios are also included to assess potential contamination of the foraminiferal tests. The microfossils were obtained from the 315-400 μm sediment fraction of a core collected at a water depth of 4394 m off the Cabo Verde archipelago, which covers most of the Holocene Epoch.

This dataset presents stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) for the epibenthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. The microfossils were obtained from the 315-400 μm sediment fraction of a core collected at a water depth of 4394 m off the Cabo Verde archipelago, which covers most of the Holocene Epoch

This dataset presents combined stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and Mg/Ca ratios for the sub-thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides. Al/Ca, Fe/Ca, and Mn/Ca ratios are also included to assess potential contamination of the foraminiferal tests. The microfossils were obtained from the 315-400 μm sediment fraction of a core collected at a water depth of 4394 m off the Cabo Verde archipelago, which covers most of the Holocene Epoch.

Presence-absence records for four cold-water coral (CWC) taxa (Enallopsammia rostrata, Acanella arbuscula, Metallogorgia spp. and Paramuricea spp.) were gathered to conduct distribution models on seamounts (Cadamosto, Nola, Senghor and Cabo Verde) of the Cabo Verde archipelago (NW Africa), covering a bathymetric range from 2100 to 750 m water depth. Data were extracted from video footage collected with Remotely Operated Vehicles during the M80/3 Meteor (2010) and the iMirabilis2 (2021) research expeditions. Video data from the iMirabilis2 expedition was analysed, quantitively, using the open-source software BIIGLE (Langenkämper et al. 2017). Observations from five continuous 1 to 2 km-long video transects between 2000 and 1400 m depth at Cadamosto Seamount were converted into presence-absence data points. Similar data were not available for the seamounts explored during M80/3 Meteor. However, all the available images and short video clips from that expedition were analysed to identify presence and absence points for each of the four target CWC taxa. All the available presence/absence data from the two expeditions was transformed into one point per grid cell of a 100 m resolution bathymetry grid, with the prevalence of the presence records over the absence records, in grid cells where both categories overlapped.

Multibeam bathymetry raw data was recorded in the North Atlantic during cruise M175 that took place between 2021-06-02 and 2021-06-28. The data was collected using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data (zip file) and the cruise report for details. The data was collected along the Oceanographer Transform Fault as part of an integrated geophysical and geological effort to re-investigate the role of large oceanic transform faults on the evolution of the ocean crust and lithosphere. Other data types collected during the cruise comprise passive earthquake detection using ocean bottom seismometers, and geological sampling. The bathymetric data set complements the one obtained during the M170 cruise to an overlapping area.

Upper-ocean velocities along the cruise track of RV METEOR cruise M175 were continuously collected by a vessel-mounted Teledyne RD Instruments 38 kHz Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The transducer was located at 5.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode with 32 m bins and a blanking distance of 16.0 m, while 55 bins were recorded using a pulse of 2.89 s. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's gyro platforms and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software VmDas internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-0.27° +/- 0.4616°) and scale factor (1.0019 +/- 0.0088) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The average interval was set to 120 s.