Water column raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was not continuously recorded during RV SONNE cruise SO273. Data was recorded on 14 days between 2020-03-11 and 2020-03-24 in the Indian Ocean towards and in the area of the Southwest Indian Ridge and Eric Simpson Fracture Zone (north of the Prince Edward Islands). These profiles are part of the corresponding raw dataset (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972143) (which include the .all files). The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM).

Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV SONNE cruise SO273. Data was recorded on 28 days between 2020-03-07 and 2020-04-06. This dataset contains a survey in the Indian Ocean towards and in the area of the Southwest Indian Ridge and Eric Simpson Fracture Zone (north of the Prince Edward Islands). In addition, this dataset contains transit data in South East Atlantic Ocean. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 4400m. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus SVP files are added to this dataset. However, also data analysis of the multibeam raw data revealed that SVP has been changed during the survey. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore contains incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Note that refraction errors can be expected due to the lack of proper SVP. Overall, it appears that the data quality is rather excellent since the gridded hillshade data showed relatively few obstacles. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2023).

We sampled outcrops through 6,500 m of fossil oceanic crust in Wadi Gideah (Samail ophiolite, Oman) that is regarded as best analogue of fast-spreading crust on land. To accomplish a comprehensive understanding of accretion processes in the lower crust we follow a multi-technique approach applying petrographic and petrological, microstructural, thermometric, mineral and rock chemical methods to the same samples. Here we report a full set of whole rock major and trace element data displaying systematic and contrasting compositional trends in lower and upper gabbros being correlated with stratigraphic depth in the plutonic suite.

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We have selected 39 gabbro samples from the Wadi Gideah Transect sample suite, representing a full coherent crustal profile from the Moho transition zone (MTZ) to the dike/gabbro transition with an average sample spacing of about 120 m along the crustal depth. All samples were taken at outcrops of fresh gabbro along the Wadi. The height above Moho (h.a.M.) was calculated with respect to the MTZ reference latitude of 22.9152N DD, assuming a generalized average dip of 28° for the layering of the lower gabbros in the Wadi Gideah area. The freshest and primary region of each hand specimen was cut into a block with a water-cooled diamond-blade saw, avoiding areas influenced by secondary weathering and hydrothermal overprint, and subsequently processed to a polished thin-section. We studied the thin-sections using a polarized light microscope to identify petrographic key parameters, which are presented here.

The main part of major element concentrations was measured at the Institute of Mineralogy of the University of Hannover using a Cameca SX100 electron microprobe operated through the Cameca PeakSight software. Additional data was generated at the Institute of Geosciences at Kiel University using a JOEL JXA 8900 R electron microprobe. Results from both labs have been cross-checked, analyzing identical samples. All elements have been measured at Kα emission lines with a focused and fixed beam, an acceleration voltage of 15 kV, a beam current of 15 nA, and a signal count time per element of 10s on peak and 5s on each background. Matrix-correction according to PAP. For each of the 39 samples, repetitive measurements on multiple crystals have been carried out. We put a strong focus on reliable primitive core measurements; nevertheless, for most samples, we also acquired data for rim compositions. P-values have been calculated based on a paired, two-sided t-test to evaluate the significance of the difference between core and rim mean concentrations statistically and allow for H0 hypothesis testing. Additionally, propagation of uncertainty has been calculated for Mg# and Ca#.

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The primary aim of the project Marion Rise, which is an international program between scientists from Germany, United States and China, was to explore and sample two main working areas along the Southwest Indian Ridge in the southern Indian Ocean. The research program of expedition SO273 Marion Rise had the main objective of sampling rocks and fluids and mapping segments of the slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) near Marion Island. The Northern working area was investigated during Leg 1 performed by our American partners with cruise TN365 with RV Thomas G. Thompson from 18.2. to 28.3.2019. The Southern working area was investigated by Leg 2, cruise SO273 with RV Sonne. The research program of expedition SO273 Marion Rise had the main objective of sampling rocks and fluids and mapping segments of the slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) near Marion Island.