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The article investigates the issue of racism as a rapidly evolving social and cultural phenomenon while retracing its origins and major transformations. From the classic forms of scientific racism to the most recent manifestations of so-called cultural racism, the phenomenon has adapted to the various historical, economic and cultural contexts, and it is still present, in contemporary Western democracies, in more ambiguous and therefore more insidious forms. That is why education plays an increasingly important role in the development of anti-racist thoughts and behaviour; it has proven to be a tactical tool for social change. Intercultural education, in particular, tends to promote a critical view of ethnocentrism by taking diversity as a true theoretical and identity paradigm. For this reason it is decisive in the fight against and prevention of racism, especially when it is not only aimed at specific social groups, but when it calls into play all those involved in the teaching and learning process.

The article reflects on the central role of digital media and the need for a Digital and Media Literacy for students, in order to build a conscious and active citizenship. Studying the potential of the Internet as an instrument of knowledge is an important tool to make students digital literate, and it's also a resource for local communities, combining digital skills and innovation with traditional skills. Starting from the 2015 National Plan for a Digital School, this study also paints the portrait about the progress made in Italy in digital literacy, as well as its critical issues.