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The detachment of low-salinity water (LSW) from river plumes is critical to coastal systems and the inner-shelf biogeochemical process. In this study, the wave effects on the LSW detachment from the Changjiang River plume in the East China Sea are explored using numerical simulation. Model results show that wave can enhance the vertical mixing, the surface Taiwan Warm Current, and the double-core upwelling. The diluted water is thus narrowed and less extended, which accelerates the detachment of LSW. Wave also enhances the mixing between the isolated LSW and its ambient water, indicating a shortened life of the isolated LSW. Four wave-current interaction processes are compared and it is found that the vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure to the mean momentum equation (also known as the form drag) contributes most to the wave-varied river plume and LSW detachment. The form drag works on the LSW detachment through increasing the surface salinity and the surface wave-driven flow; the former enhances the vertical mixing and the latter generates a bottom compensative flow. The depth-dependent wave radiation stress has almost consistent effect on salinity in the vertical, compared to the others. The wave dissipation in turbulence kinetic energy equation and the current advection and refraction of wave energy obviously enhances the double-core upwelling; but this effect declines with the decaying alongshore wave-driven flow. Overall, wave is not the key mechanism leading to the occurrence of LSW detachment, but it promotes the detachment and accelerates the extinction of isolated LSW.

The detachment of low-salinity water (LSW) from river plume is critical to coastal systems and the inner-shelf biogeochemical process. In this study, the wave effects on the LSW detachment from the Changjiang River plume are explored. Model results show that wave can enhance the vertical mixing, the northward intrusion of inshore branch of the Taiwan Warm Current, and also the double-core upwelling system. The diluted water is thus narrowed and less extended, which accelerates the detachment of LSW. The wave-enhanced vertical mixing will enlarge the core salinity of the isolated LSW when detached; but after that the core salinity is increased by the horizontal advection/diffusion rather than the vertical mixing due to the strong stratification in summer. Waves also affects the trajectory of the isolated LSW, which is moved further northward and travelled more in distance. Five wave-current interaction processes are compared and it is found that the vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure to the mean momentum equation (also known as the form drag) contributes most to the wave-varied river plume and the LSW detachment through enhancing the vertical mixing and the wave-driven flow. The wave dissipation on turbulence weakens the northeastward flow off the Changjiang River estuary, which restrains the diluted water expansion. The current advection and refraction of wave energy contributes most to the enhancement of the double-core upwelling system. Overall, wave is not the key mechanism leading to the occurrence of LSW detachment, but it promotes the detachment and alters the migration of the isolated LSW.

The detachment of low-salinity water (LSW) from river plume is critical to coastal systems and the inner-shelf biogeochemical process. In this study, the wave effects on the LSW detachment from the Changjiang River plume are explored. Model results show that wave can enhance the vertical mixing, the northward intrusion of inshore branch of the Taiwan Warm Current, and also the double-core upwelling system. The diluted water is thus narrowed and less extended, which accelerates the detachment of LSW. The wave-enhanced vertical mixing will enlarge the core salinity of the isolated LSW when detached; but after that the core salinity is increased by the horizontal advection/diffusion rather than the vertical mixing due to the strong stratification in summer. Waves also affects the trajectory of the isolated LSW, which is moved further northward and travelled more in distance. Five wave-current interaction processes are compared and it is found that the vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure to the mean momentum equation (also known as the form drag) contributes most to the wave-varied river plume and the LSW detachment through enhancing the vertical mixing and the wave-driven flow. The wave dissipation on turbulence weakens the northeastward flow off the Changjiang River estuary, which restrains the diluted water expansion. The current advection and refraction of wave energy contributes most to the enhancement of the double-core upwelling system. Overall, wave is not the key mechanism leading to the occurrence of LSW detachment, but it promotes the detachment and alters the migration of the isolated LSW.

Bay-shelf water exchange is critical to coastal systems as it promotes self-purification or pollution dilution of the systems. In this study, the effects of wave-current interactions on bay-shelf water exchange was explored in a micromesotidal system- the Daya Bay in the southern China. The waves can enlarge the shear-induced seaward transport and reduce the residual-current-induced landward transport, which benefits the water exchange; however, the tides work oppositely and slow the waves induced water exchange. Five the wave-current interactions were compared and it was found that the depth-dependent wave radiation stress contributes most to the water exchange, followed by wave dissipation as a source term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation, and mean current advection and refraction of wave energy (CARWE). The vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure transfer to the mean momentum equation (also known as the form drag), and the combined wave-current bottom stress (CWCBS) play minor roles in the water exchange. The water exchange is faster under southerly wind than that under northerly wind; and the synoptic event like storms will accelerate the water exchange. The CARWE terms are dominated in both the seasonal variation and the synoptic variation of the wave-current interactions as they can significantly change the distribution of significant wave height. The wave radiation stress changes the water exchange mainly through altering the flow velocity, but the wave dissipation on turbulence through altering the vertical mixing. The form drag and the CWCBS have little impact on water exchange as well as its variations.

Bay-shelf water exchange is critical to coastal systems as it promotes self-purification or pollution dilution of the systems. In this study, the effects of wave-current interactions on bay-shelf water exchange was explored in a micromesotidal system- the Daya Bay in the southern China. The waves can enlarge the shear-induced seaward transport and reduce the residual-current-induced landward transport, which benefits the water exchange; however, the tides work oppositely and slow the waves induced water exchange. Five the wave-current interactions were compared and it was found that the depth-dependent wave radiation stress contributes most to the water exchange, followed by wave dissipation as a source term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation, and mean current advection and refraction of wave energy (CARWE). The vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure transfer to the mean momentum equation (also known as the form drag), and the combined wave-current bottom stress (CWCBS) play minor roles in the water exchange. The water exchange is faster under southerly wind than that under northerly wind; and the synoptic event like storms will accelerate the water exchange. The CARWE terms are dominated in both the seasonal variation and the synoptic variation of the wave-current interactions as they can significantly change the distribution of significant wave height. The wave radiation stress changes the water exchange mainly through altering the flow velocity, but the wave dissipation on turbulence through altering the vertical mixing. The form drag and the CWCBS have little impact on water exchange as well as its variations.