IntroductionThis database includes the raw data linked with the paper “ Effects of EEG-guided transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the cerebellum on motor behavior and electrophysiological activity” submitted to the NeuroImage journal.In this paper, we reported behavioral and neurophysiological data of healthy adults receiving EEG-guided transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) over the cerebellum.MethodsForty-four male and female participants completed a visuomotor task while undergoing either real or sham tACS across two sessions. Critically, EEG activity was recorded before and immediately after the stimulation while participants performed the visuomotor task to assess electrophysiological changes in power spectrum density. Measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition were collected via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols following each stimulation session.Results (in brief)tACS at IGF enhanced motor precision during challenging task conditions and reduced corticospinal inhibition, without affecting corticospinal excitability. EEG analyses revealed IGF-dependent increases in theta-band power post-stimulation in motor regions, suggesting cross-frequency interactions

IntroductionThis database includes the raw data linked with the paper “ Effects of EEG-guided transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the cerebellum on motor behavior and electrophysiological activity” submitted to the NeuroImage journal.In this paper, we reported behavioral and neurophysiological data of healthy adults receiving EEG-guided transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) over the cerebellum.MethodsForty-four male and female participants completed a visuomotor task while undergoing either real or sham tACS across two sessions. Critically, EEG activity was recorded before and immediately after the stimulation while participants performed the visuomotor task to assess electrophysiological changes in power spectrum density. Measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition were collected via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols following each stimulation session.Results (in brief)tACS at IGF enhanced motor precision during challenging task conditions and reduced corticospinal inhibition, without affecting corticospinal excitability. EEG analyses revealed IGF-dependent increases in theta-band power post-stimulation in motor regions, suggesting cross-frequency interactions

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper "Exploring the impact of parents' face-mask wearing on dyadic interactions in infants at higher-likelihood for autism compared to general population". The present study aimed to examine differences in 12-month-old infant's behavioural response to a parent wearing a protective face-mask during face-to-face interaction; to investigate potential differences in infants at higher likelihood for autism (HL-ASD) as compared to general population (GP) counterparts; to explore significant differences in the parents' behaviours while wearing or not a protective face-mask.MethodsFifty mother-infant dyads, consisting of 20 HL-ASD infants (siblings of autistic individual) and 30 GP infants participated in a 6-minute face-to-face interaction. The interaction was videotaped through teleconferencing and comprised three 2-minute episodes: (A1) no mask – the unmasked mother and infant engaged in face-to-face play; (B) mask – mothers were instructed to wear a protective face-mask while they kept interacting with the infant; (A2) post-mask – mothers were instructed to remove the mask. Infants' emotionality and gaze direction as well as mothers' vocal production and touching behaviours were coded micro-analytically.Results (in brief)GP infants exhibited more positive emotionality compared to HL-ASD counterparts. Infants' negative emotionality and gaze avoidance did not differ statistically across episodes. Both groups of infants displayed a significant increase in looking time towards the caregiver during the mask episode. No statistically significant differences emerged in the mothers' behaviours.

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper "Exploring the impact of parents' face-mask wearing on dyadic interactions in infants at higher-likelihood for autism compared to general population". The present study aimed to examine differences in 12-month-old infant's behavioural response to a parent wearing a protective face-mask during face-to-face interaction; to investigate potential differences in infants at higher likelihood for autism (HL-ASD) as compared to general population (GP) counterparts; to explore significant differences in the parents' behaviours while wearing or not a protective face-mask.MethodsFifty mother-infant dyads, consisting of 20 HL-ASD infants (siblings of autistic individual) and 30 GP infants participated in a 6-minute face-to-face interaction. The interaction was videotaped through teleconferencing and comprised three 2-minute episodes: (A1) no mask – the unmasked mother and infant engaged in face-to-face play; (B) mask – mothers were instructed to wear a protective face-mask while they kept interacting with the infant; (A2) post-mask – mothers were instructed to remove the mask. Infants' emotionality and gaze direction as well as mothers' vocal production and touching behaviours were coded micro-analytically.Results (in brief)GP infants exhibited more positive emotionality compared to HL-ASD counterparts. Infants' negative emotionality and gaze avoidance did not differ statistically across episodes. Both groups of infants displayed a significant increase in looking time towards the caregiver during the mask episode. No statistically significant differences emerged in the mothers' behaviours.

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper “Exploring full-term and preterm infants’ social smiles to adults wearing a protective facemask”, published on Infant Behavior and Development Journal, doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101947. This publication explores early emergence of social smiles in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) infants at 3 months (corrected age for prematurity) and how the use of protective facemasks by adults affects the display of social smiles.ProceduresWe enrolled 30 FT and 30 PT infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks). Infants' social smiles displays were assessed at 2–3-month-age (corrected) across a three-episode (masked mother; unmasked mother; masked adult female stranger) videotaped interactive task. During each episode, the adult was instructed to maintain specific facial expressions (happy-smiling, sad-frowning, neutral-unresponsive) for 15 second windows and then instructed to interact spontaneously for 45 s (of which the first 15 s were coded). Social smiles were coded in each 15 s sequence as 0, absent or 1, present at least once.Analytical planA 2-block hierarchical logistic regression was used, firstly testing for differences in probability of social smiles display in the three mask conditions (masked mother – MM, masked stranger – MS, and unmasked mother – UM) (Model 1) and subsequently exploring possible additional effects of group (full term – FT, preterm – PT) and facial expression (smiling, neutral, frown, and interactive) (Model 2).Findings in briefFT and PT infants did not differ in the display of social smiles. In both groups, social smiles were mostly exhibited in response to happy/smiling and spontaneously interacting partners. Overall, no effect of wearing a protective facemask emerged. The use of protective facemasks did not result in a lower display of social smiles. The findings suggest that FT and PT might be equally sensitive to their adult interactive partners in terms of social smiles displays at 2 – 3-month-age.

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper “Exploring full-term and preterm infants’ social smiles to adults wearing a protective facemask”, published on Infant Behavior and Development Journal, doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101947. This publication explores early emergence of social smiles in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) infants at 3 months (corrected age for prematurity) and how the use of protective facemasks by adults affects the display of social smiles.ProceduresWe enrolled 30 FT and 30 PT infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks). Infants' social smiles displays were assessed at 2–3-month-age (corrected) across a three-episode (masked mother; unmasked mother; masked adult female stranger) videotaped interactive task. During each episode, the adult was instructed to maintain specific facial expressions (happy-smiling, sad-frowning, neutral-unresponsive) for 15 second windows and then instructed to interact spontaneously for 45 s (of which the first 15 s were coded). Social smiles were coded in each 15 s sequence as 0, absent or 1, present at least once.Analytical planA 2-block hierarchical logistic regression was used, firstly testing for differences in probability of social smiles display in the three mask conditions (masked mother – MM, masked stranger – MS, and unmasked mother – UM) (Model 1) and subsequently exploring possible additional effects of group (full term – FT, preterm – PT) and facial expression (smiling, neutral, frown, and interactive) (Model 2).Findings in briefFT and PT infants did not differ in the display of social smiles. In both groups, social smiles were mostly exhibited in response to happy/smiling and spontaneously interacting partners. Overall, no effect of wearing a protective facemask emerged. The use of protective facemasks did not result in a lower display of social smiles. The findings suggest that FT and PT might be equally sensitive to their adult interactive partners in terms of social smiles displays at 2 – 3-month-age.

IntroductionThis database includes the raw data linked with the paper “The contribution of the R-PAS in the assessment of Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors” published on “JOURNAL NAME”.In this paper, we aimed to establish the suicide risk of those who seek psychiatric treatment as far as possible. Given that the presence of ideation is often denied by actual suicidal individuals – due to shame, stigma, and fear of being a burden to others – the Rorschach test may contribute to the assessment of risk/protective factors in personality functioning.MethodsWe administered the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency scale (MAST), Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Rorschach-Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) to 136 adolescents (outpatient or inpatient) admitted to the Child Neuropsychiatry department of Lecco and Pavia (Italy). We identified 95 patients with suicidal concern (SC) and 41 with no suicidal concern (N.SC).Results (in brief): There were significant differences in means of the SC-Comp among N.SC and SC groups; among the sub-components that make up this index, the most significantly related to suicidal concern were the variables VFD, CBlend, MOR, LSO-Cmplx, and Ego Index. The SC-Comp was, however, not able to distinguish adolescents with suicidal ideation from those with actual suicidal attempts, and this result is in line with the literature.

IntroductionThis database includes the raw data linked with the paper “The contribution of the R-PAS in the assessment of Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors” published on “JOURNAL NAME”.In this paper, we aimed to establish the suicide risk of those who seek psychiatric treatment as far as possible. Given that the presence of ideation is often denied by actual suicidal individuals – due to shame, stigma, and fear of being a burden to others – the Rorschach test may contribute to the assessment of risk/protective factors in personality functioning.MethodsWe administered the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency scale (MAST), Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Rorschach-Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) to 136 adolescents (outpatient or inpatient) admitted to the Child Neuropsychiatry department of Lecco and Pavia (Italy). We identified 95 patients with suicidal concern (SC) and 41 with no suicidal concern (N.SC).Results (in brief): There were significant differences in means of the SC-Comp among N.SC and SC groups; among the sub-components that make up this index, the most significantly related to suicidal concern were the variables VFD, CBlend, MOR, LSO-Cmplx, and Ego Index. The SC-Comp was, however, not able to distinguish adolescents with suicidal ideation from those with actual suicidal attempts, and this result is in line with the literature.

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper "Suicide in adolescence: the role of perceived depression, attraction to life and repulsion to life" published on "JOURNAL NAME". In this paper, we reported the results of two self-report questionnaires (BDI-SF, MAST) filled in by adolescent patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We aimed to assess if self-report questionnaires can predict the possibility that a teenager may commit suicide.MethodsWe included 92 adolescent patients and divided them into two groups according to the interview C-SSRS: patients who present suicidal ideation only and the second consisting of patients presenting suicidal attempts (i.e. who presented concrete and/or interrupted attempts). They filled in the BDI-SF and the MAST.Results (in brief):Significant differences were found between the two groups regarding all the scales of the MAST except for the scale "repulsion to death"; the suicidal ideation group showed a greater attraction to life and less attraction to death, as well as less repulsion to life. Furthermore, as attraction to life increases, both repulsion by life and attraction to death decrease, while as the attraction to death increases, so does the repulsion by life. As the suicidal behavior group reported significantly higher levels of depression than the suicidal ideation group, the BDI-SF assumes a predictive function. Finally, the comparison of the two questionnaires highlighted that higher levels of attraction to life correspond to lower levels of depression, as well as higher levels of attraction to death correspond to higher levels of depression.

IntroductionThis database includes the raw data linked with the paper "Thought beyond the inkblots: one-year follow-up in a cohort of adolescents with psychotic symptoms" published on "JOURNAL NAME". In this paper, we aimed to explore the predictive properties of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) in three samples of adolescents: one affected by Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms (APS), another one with a diagnosis of Early Onset Psychosis (EOP), and a control group (non-APS). MethodsWe evaluated 151 patients aged 12-17 years administering CAARMS, R-PAS, and K-SADS-PL DSM-5.  A one-year follow-up assessment was conducted based on CAARMS administration and a clinical interview with the patient's caregivers to investigate DSM-5 criteria for APS syndrome and transition to psychosis. In cases where patients did not give consent to repeat the CAARMS evaluation, the assessment was completed by asking caregivers for additional information related to key questions of the CAARMS interview. Results (in brief)We found similar results between the DSM-5 APS Rorschach profiles and EOP ones, with a worse performance of APS in specific Perception and Thinking Problem indexes. Considering that, we saw that it is possible to define a typical Rorschach profile of patients who will be identified as being at risk for psychosis after a one-year follow-up. The most significant alterations emerged in the Self and Other Representation and the Stress and Distress domain.