Deep-sea pollen records from the Western European margin show that during the Last Glacial period, regional vegetation oscillated between steppe and open forest in response to the millennial scale climate variability, Dansgaard-Oeschger, (D-O) cycles and Heinrich events (HE), and that the magnitude of the forest expansions during D-O warming events was modulated by orbital parameters. We present new well-chronologically constrained high-resolution marine pollen records from the Gulf of Lion and Bay of Biscay documenting the NW Mediterranean and SW France vegetation response during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 3 (67-33 ka). The vegetation of these regions is reconstructed by pollen analysis.NW Mediterranean borderlands vegetation reconstructed from the pollen taxa, recorded in core MD99-2343 (40°N, 4°E, 2391 m water depth) during the Last Glacial period (67-33 ka).

Deep-sea pollen records from the Western European margin show that during the Last Glacial period, regional vegetation oscillated between steppe and open forest in response to the millennial scale climate variability, Dansgaard-Oeschger, (D-O) cycles and Heinrich events (HE), and that the magnitude of the forest expansions during D-O warming events was modulated by orbital parameters. We present new well-chronologically constrained high-resolution marine pollen records from the Gulf of Lion and Bay of Biscay documenting the NW Mediterranean and SW France vegetation response during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 3 (67-33 ka). The vegetation of these regions is reconstructed by pollen analysis.This dataset presents the composition of vegetation in SW France during the Last Glacial Period (65-35 ka), in particular the pollen taxa recorded in core MD04-2845 (45°21'N, 5°13'W, 4175 m).

Deep-sea pollen records from the Western European margin show that during the Last Glacial period, regional vegetation oscillated between steppe and open forest in response to the millennial scale climate variability, Dansgaard-Oeschger, (D-O) cycles and Heinrich events (HE), and that the magnitude of the forest expansions during D-O warming events was modulated by orbital parameters. We present new well-chronologically constrained high-resolution marine pollen records from the Gulf of Lion and Bay of Biscay documenting the NW Mediterranean and SW France vegetation response during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 3 (67-33 ka). The vegetation of these regions is reconstructed by pollen analysis.Percentages of the temperate forest, the pioneer trees, Mediterranean taxa, boreal forest, steppe, grassland, heathlands and Mediterranean forest, as well as pollen concentrations recorded at MD99-2343 (40°29'N, 4°01'E, 2391 m water depth) during the Last Glacial period (67-33 ka). We also included the labels for the depth (in cm depth) and the estimated age [ka] of the studied samples.

Deep-sea pollen records from the Western European margin show that during the Last Glacial period, regional vegetation oscillated between steppe and open forest in response to the millennial scale climate variability, Dansgaard-Oeschger, (D-O) cycles and Heinrich events (HE), and that the magnitude of the forest expansions during D-O warming events was modulated by orbital parameters. We present new well-chronologically constrained high-resolution marine pollen records from the Gulf of Lion and Bay of Biscay documenting the NW Mediterranean and SW France vegetation response during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 3 (67-33 ka). The vegetation of these regions is reconstructed by pollen analysis.This dataset shows the composition of vegetation in SW France during the Last Glacial Period (65-35 ka), based on the pollen analysis of core MD04-2845. Percentages of the Atlantic forest, the pioneer trees, boreal forest, steppe, semi-desert plants, grassland, heathlands are shown.

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We discuss vegetation and climate changes across western Europe over the last deglaciation, especially zooming on the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) interval in the northern Bay of Biscay. Our study focuses on the marine palynological investigation of core MD13-3438, with new pollen analyses, here compared to a set of paleohydrographical marine proxies (including dinoflagellate cysts / dinocysts) obtained on the same core.We show that the recorded pollen signature is, at that time, tightly related to the fluvial dynamics of the ‘Fleuve Manche’ paleoriver, the latter being coupled with European Ice Sheet fluctuations, as well as influenced by fluvial deliveries from closer French rivers of the Atlantic coast.The onset of HS1 (18.2–16.7 ka BP), marked by enhanced ‘Fleuve Manche’ paleoriver seasonal runoff, is characterized by: i) two episodes of substantial fluvio-glacial input, concomitant with warmer summers and marked by increases of temperate forest pollen grain percentages; ii) and three episodes of moderate runoff, concomitant with extended colder winters and corresponding to increases of boreal forest pollen grain percentages. We suggest an important role of the variability of the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation in explaining those multidecadal changes in pollen sources recorded in the marine realm. When westerlies are deflected southward (respectively northward), they would bring higher humidity to the southern-western and closer (respectively northern-eastern and more distal) distributaries/rivers of the ‘Fleuve Manche’ paleoriver system, associated to moderate (respectively intense) runoff. Then, extreme cold and dry climate conditions are recorded at the onset of Heinrich Event 1 (16.7–15.6 ka BP) with marked occurrences of steppic pollen grains, followed by more humid conditions at the end of HS1, with mixed signatures of open-vegetation and temperate forest taxa. The wettest conditions are recorded during the Bølling-Allerød, concomitantly with the sea level rise and the advection of warm and salty waters by the North Atlantic Current to the study site.

This dataset features a part of IODP Side 339-U1386 pollen record covering Termination V (404-433 kyr BP). The sediment core was retrieved from the upper slope of the Iberian margin (Gulf of Cadiz), west of the Guadalquivir watershed. We provide counted pollen both for individual taxa and for the regional ecological groups. The present dataset is consistent with previous results from IODP Side 339-U1385 and provides a higher resolution across Termination V (which is inaccessible in IODP U1385 because of a sedimentary hiatus) describing a long and moderate development of the Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during MIS11.