SA_Matrix.txt: matrix of species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) for the six or eight quadrats performed in the 50 woodlands. STAw_Matrix.txt: matrix of the total abundance of each species (i.e. sum of the percent cover recorded in the six or eight quadrats per species) weighted by the number of quadrats for the 50 woodlands. AFH_matrix.txt = matrix of the species affinity to forest habitats (France, Atlantic region) with the following typology: "1" = specialist forest species (species that occur only in forests), "2" = generalist forest species (species that occur both in and outside forests) and "O" = species of open habitats. TD_Matrix.txt: taxonomic diversity [total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness)] matrix for the 50 woodlands. TD_GSFS_Matrix.txt: taxonomic diversity [total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness)] of specialist and generalist forest species for the 50 woodlands. CT_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), and seed germination rate (SGR)]. T_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), seed germination rate (SGR) and type of reproduction (ToR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values. FS_Matrix.txt: functional structure [community-weighted mean (CWM) and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)] matrix for each trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP) seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV), seed germination rate (SGR) and type of reproduction (ToR)] in the 50 woodlands. Connectivity_matrix.txt: matrix of the connectivity [Potential Dispersal Flux (PCflux)] for each time step (1952, 1974, 1985, 2000, 2006 and 2016)] for the 50 woodlands. Temporal_dynamics_connectivity_matrix.txt: matrix of the temporal dynamics of connectivity [the degree of connectivity (“potential Dispersal Flux” index obtained for 1952, PCflux_1952), the magnitude (the absolute value of the slope of OLS regression model, Abs_slope) and the variability (the residual standard error of OLS regression model RSE)] for the 50 woodlands and their associated trends (estimated from the value of the slope of OLS regression model, Slope). Data_REG.txt: data* to perform regression models (that systematically include the degree of connectivity or not) using model-averaging methodology *Coordinates (X and Y) of the centroids of the 50 woodlands, and merging of Temporal_dynamics_connectivity_matrix.txt, TD_Matrix.txt and FS_Matrix.txt. Script_TD.R: script to obtain the matrix of the total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness) for the 50 woodlands (TD_Matrix.txt) Script_TD_GSFS.R: script to obtain the matrix of the total species richness (richness) and Piélou’s evenness (evenness) of specialist and generalist forest species for the 50 woodlands. Script_CT.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] (CT_matrix.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request to the TRY global plant trait database cannot be made publicly available. Script_FS.R: script to obtain functional structure [community-weighted mean (CWM) and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)] matrix for the 50 woodlands (FS_Matrix.txt) Script_REG.R: script to perform regression models using model-averaging methodology. Script_REG_DoC_included.R: script to perform regression models that systematically include the degree of connectivity using model-averaging methodology.

SA_Matrix.txt: matrix of species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) for the six or eight quadrats performed in the 50 woodlands. STAw_Matrix.txt: matrix of the total abundance of each species (i.e. sum of the percent cover recorded in the six or eight quadrats per species) weighted by the number of quadrats for the 50 woodlands. AFH_matrix.txt = matrix of the species affinity to forest habitats (France, Atlantic region) with the following typology: "1" = specialist forest species (species that occur only in forests), "2" = generalist forest species (species that occur both in and outside forests) and "O" = species of open habitats. TD_Matrix.txt: taxonomic diversity [total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness)] matrix for the 50 woodlands. TD_GSFS_Matrix.txt: taxonomic diversity [total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness)] of specialist and generalist forest species for the 50 woodlands. CT_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), and seed germination rate (SGR)]. T_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), seed germination rate (SGR) and type of reproduction (ToR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values. FS_Matrix.txt: functional structure [community-weighted mean (CWM) and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)] matrix for each trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP) seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV), seed germination rate (SGR) and type of reproduction (ToR)] in the 50 woodlands. Connectivity_matrix.txt: matrix of the connectivity [Potential Dispersal Flux (PCflux)] for each time step (1952, 1974, 1985, 2000, 2006 and 2016)] for the 50 woodlands. Temporal_dynamics_connectivity_matrix.txt: matrix of the temporal dynamics of connectivity [the degree of connectivity (“potential Dispersal Flux” index obtained for 1952, PCflux_1952), the magnitude (the absolute value of the slope of OLS regression model, Abs_slope) and the variability (the residual standard error of OLS regression model RSE)] for the 50 woodlands and their associated trends (estimated from the value of the slope of OLS regression model, Slope). Data_REG.txt: data* to perform regression models (that systematically include the degree of connectivity or not) using model-averaging methodology *Coordinates (X and Y) of the centroids of the 50 woodlands, and merging of Temporal_dynamics_connectivity_matrix.txt, TD_Matrix.txt and FS_Matrix.txt. Script_TD.R: script to obtain the matrix of the total species richness (richness) and Piélou's evenness (evenness) for the 50 woodlands (TD_Matrix.txt) Script_TD_GSFS.R: script to obtain the matrix of the total species richness (richness) and Piélou’s evenness (evenness) of specialist and generalist forest species for the 50 woodlands. Script_CT.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] (CT_matrix.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request to the TRY global plant trait database cannot be made publicly available. Script_FS.R: script to obtain functional structure [community-weighted mean (CWM) and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)] matrix for the 50 woodlands (FS_Matrix.txt) Script_REG.R: script to perform regression models using model-averaging methodology. Script_REG_DoC_included.R: script to perform regression models that systematically include the degree of connectivity using model-averaging methodology.

Landscape_Matrix.txt: landscape [habitat connectivity (Connectivity) and habitat amount (Amount) provided by wooded (Woodlands), grassland (Grasslands) and cropland (Croplands) elements at 250m, 500m and 750m] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots_wo_OP5.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
S_TA_Matrix_Field.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_TA_Matrix_Field_wo_OP5.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
DA_Matrix.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
CT_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)].
CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset.
T_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values.
T_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values and after removing rare species from the dataset.
FC_Matrix.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields.
FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
Data_OLS.csv: data* to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology. Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix.txt and DA_Matrix.txt.
Data_OLS_wo_OP5.csv: data to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology after removing rare species from the dataset. *Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt and DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt.
Script_DA.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (DA_Matrix.txt).
Script_DA_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_CT.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] (CT_matrix.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_CT_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset (CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_FC.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (FC_Matrix.txt).
Script_FC_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_OLS.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology.
Script_OLS_wo_OP5.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology fields after removing rare species from the dataset.

Landscape_Matrix.txt: landscape [habitat connectivity (Connectivity) and habitat amount (Amount) provided by wooded (Woodlands), grassland (Grasslands) and cropland (Croplands) elements at 250m, 500m and 750m] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots_wo_OP5.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
S_TA_Matrix_Field.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_TA_Matrix_Field_wo_OP5.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
DA_Matrix.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
CT_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)].
CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset.
T_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values.
T_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values and after removing rare species from the dataset.
FC_Matrix.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields.
FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
Data_OLS.csv: data* to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology. Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix.txt and DA_Matrix.txt.
Data_OLS_wo_OP5.csv: data to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology after removing rare species from the dataset. *Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt and DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt.
Script_DA.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (DA_Matrix.txt).
Script_DA_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_CT.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] (CT_matrix.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_CT_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset (CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_FC.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (FC_Matrix.txt).
Script_FC_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_OLS.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology.
Script_OLS_wo_OP5.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology fields after removing rare species from the dataset.

Landscape_Matrix.txt: landscape [habitat connectivity (Connectivity) and habitat amount (Amount) provided by wooded (Woodlands), grassland (Grasslands) and cropland (Croplands) elements at 250m, 500m and 750m] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_A_Matrix_Plots_wo_OP5.txt: species abundance (i.e. percent cover per species) matrix for the ten plots performed in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
S_TA_Matrix_Field.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
S_TA_Matrix_Field_wo_OP5.txt: species total abundance (i.e. sum of the percent covers recorded in the ten plots per species) matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
DA_Matrix.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields.
DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: weed diversity [total species richness (richness) and total Piélou’s evenness (evenness)] and abundance [mean total cover before (cover) and after (logit.cover) logit-transformation] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
CT_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)].
CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset.
T_matrix.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values.
T_matrix_wo_OP5.txt: species trait values matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rates (SGR)] following a MICE procedure to estimate missing continuous trait values and after removing rare species from the dataset.
FC_Matrix.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields.
FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt: functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for each trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), type of reproduction (ToR), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] in the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset.
Data_OLS.csv: data* to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology. Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix.txt and DA_Matrix.txt.
Data_OLS_wo_OP5.csv: data to perform multiple ordinary least square (OLS) regression models using model-averaging methodology after removing rare species from the dataset. *Merging of Landscape_matrix.txt, FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt and DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt.
Script_DA.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (DA_Matrix.txt).
Script_DA_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain weed diversity and abundance matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (DA_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_CT.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] (CT_matrix.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_CT_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain species trait values matrix for each continuous trait considered [seed number per plant (SNPP), seed dry mass (SDM), plant vegetative height (PHV) and seed germination rate (SGR)] after removing rare species from the dataset (CT_matrix_wo_OP5.txt). Please, note that the data obtained following our request cannot be made publicly available.
Script_FC.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields (FC_Matrix.txt).
Script_FC_wo_OP5.R: script to obtain functional composition [Community weighed mean (CWM) trait value] matrix for the 27 winter cereal fields after removing rare species from the dataset (FC_Matrix_wo_OP5.txt).
Script_OLS.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology.
Script_OLS_wo_OP5.R: script to perform OLS regression models using model-averaging methodology fields after removing rare species from the dataset.

1. One of the major planning tools to respond to urban landscape fragmentation is the development of ecological corridors, i.e. interconnected networks of urban green and blue spaces. Least-cost paths (LCP) appear to be an easy and appropriate resistance-based modeling method to respond to urban planners’ needs. However, the ecological validation of urban corridors using LCP is rarely performed and needs to be generalized to different species, habitats and cities. 2. We developed an experimental design to test the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts that facilitate individual movements compared to movements in less connecting landscape contexts. We deliberately assigned LCP analysis parameters based on the scientific literature and expert knowledge to test a method potentially easy to use for urban stakeholders. To extend the validation, we applied our LCP model to two biological taxa with different habitat requirements: grassland-dwelling moths and forest-dwelling passerines, and to two medium-sized cities. 3. We used mark-release-recapture (MRR) methods for moths and playback recall protocols for passerines to compare the patterns of individual movement between two contrasted connectivity contexts determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. MRR protocol estimated movement rates between herbaceous patches and the two contrasted connectivity contexts. Playback recall protocol consisted in attracting individuals from wooded patches to the two contrasted connectivity contexts. A movement was considered facilitated, when displacement was rapidly engaged and individuals moved a long distance from their wooded patch. 4. Moth and passerine movement patterns differed between the two connectivity contexts: moth recapture rates were higher in highly connecting contexts than in less connecting contexts. For passerine birds, responses to playback recalls were faster and movement distance longer in highly connecting contexts. All results support the hypothesis that both taxa were more prone to move in corridors modeled by LCP. 5. The convergence of the results for different biological models and across cities strengthens the relevance of LCP analysis for planning urban greenways and provides guidelines for landscape planners in the development of these corridors to favor the movement and survival of multiple urban species.