The data were collected on fields located in five settlements near Poznań, western Poland. The monitoring period of soil surface roughness included four seasons over a two-year period: early spring 2017, 2018, and late summer/early autumn 2017, 2018. Soil samples were also taken at this time to determine post-treatment soil moisture levels. Also, one-time soil samples were taken in the first year of research to determine physical and physicochemical soil properties. An explanation of the table column names: “field” - Abbreviation of the field where research was carried out in individual settlements. The total number of selected arable fields was 18. “subfield” - It is a marking of a specific place in the field where the research was conducted. Due to the variation of soil properties within individual fields, soil roughness was tested on selected test areas. “dd” – Day of data collection. “mm” - Month of data collection. “practise” - The type of tillage tool after which the soil surface roughness was recorded. “HSD” - Height Standard Deviation is a surface roughness index that was calculated from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and expressed in millimeters. “T3D” - Tortuosity index is the second surface roughness index that was calculated from DEM. It expresses the ratio between the true surface of DEM and its flat horizontal area. “granulometric_group” - Name of the granulometric group to which soil samples were classified. Soil texture was determined by the hydrometer method according to standard PN-R-04032. “sand” - Sand content in the soil sample in %. “silt” – Silt content in the soil sample in %. “clay” – Clay content in the soil sample in %. “moisture” - The moisture level of the soil sample. Gravimetric water content was determined by the gravimetric method with oven drying. “p_hwater” - The pH of the soil sample determined in water. The soil pH was determined by the potentiometry method. “p_hkcl” – The pH of the soil sample determined in KCl. The soil pH was determined by the potentiometry method. “SOC” – Organic matter content in soil was determined by oxidation titration using K2Cr2O7 with H2SO4 on the block mineralization. “calcium_carbonate” – Calcium carbonate content in soil was obtained using the volumetric Scheibler method. “iron_oxide” –Iron oxide content in the soil.

The data were collected on fields located in five settlements near Poznań, western Poland. The monitoring period of soil surface roughness included four seasons over a two-year period: early spring 2017, 2018, and late summer/early autumn 2017, 2018. Soil samples were also taken at this time to determine post-treatment soil moisture levels. Also, one-time soil samples were taken in the first year of research to determine physical and physicochemical soil properties. An explanation of the table column names: “field” - Abbreviation of the field where research was carried out in individual settlements. The total number of selected arable fields was 18. “subfield” - It is a marking of a specific place in the field where the research was conducted. Due to the variation of soil properties within individual fields, soil roughness was tested on selected test areas. “dd” – Day of data collection. “mm” - Month of data collection. “practise” - The type of tillage tool after which the soil surface roughness was recorded. “HSD” - Height Standard Deviation is a surface roughness index that was calculated from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and expressed in millimeters. “T3D” - Tortuosity index is the second surface roughness index that was calculated from DEM. It expresses the ratio between the true surface of DEM and its flat horizontal area. “granulometric_group” - Name of the granulometric group to which soil samples were classified. Soil texture was determined by the hydrometer method according to standard PN-R-04032. “sand” - Sand content in the soil sample in %. “silt” – Silt content in the soil sample in %. “clay” – Clay content in the soil sample in %. “moisture” - The moisture level of the soil sample. Gravimetric water content was determined by the gravimetric method with oven drying. “p_hwater” - The pH of the soil sample determined in water. The soil pH was determined by the potentiometry method. “p_hkcl” – The pH of the soil sample determined in KCl. The soil pH was determined by the potentiometry method. “SOC” – Organic matter content in soil was determined by oxidation titration using K2Cr2O7 with H2SO4 on the block mineralization. “calcium_carbonate” – Calcium carbonate content in soil was obtained using the volumetric Scheibler method. “iron_oxide” –Iron oxide content in the soil.