The objectives of this project were (i) to determine how tropical trees and lianas differed in terms of their functional traits, and (ii) to parameterize a computational model of tree-liana competition. We carried out a meta-analysis of tree and liana functional traits in order to achieve these goals. First, we downloaded functional trait data from the TRY database during November and December 2019. Traits of interest included leaf, wood, and root functional traits. We included only angiosperm tree and liana species that are found in tropical biomes. We then computed the species average for each trait. The results are included in “TRY_traits_metaanalysis.csv”. We also conducted a second meta-analysis focused on the hydraulic traits of tropical trees and lianas. We used Google Scholar and Web of Science to identify papers that contained hydraulic trait values. The papers that we found were all published between 1997-2019. As with our TRY-based meta-analysis, we included only angiosperm tree and liana species that are found in the tropics, and we computed species averages. The results are contained in the file “hydraulic_traits_metaanalysis.csv”. Both files are in csv format, so they can be read with any plain text editor, as well as programs like R or Excel.

This file includes the processed data from our extended meta-analysis of tropical tree and liana hydraulic functional traits. Other functionals traits were included if they were reported in the publications meeting the criteria of our extended meta-analysis for reporting hydraulic functional traits. Columns are as follows: Growth.form: Either tree or liana AccSpeciesName: Accepted species name from the TRY database HV (cm/cm2): Huber value in cm/cm² Al/As (m2/cm2): Leaf area:sapwood area ratio in m²/cm² HV (10^4, m2/m2): Huber value in 10⁴ m²/m² N (g/kg): Mass-based leaf nitrogen content in g/kg WD (g/cm3): Wood density in g/cm³ Dv (um): Vessel diameter in um Denisty (mm-2): Vessel density in mm^-2 Transpiration (mmol/m2/s): Transpiration rate in mmol/m²/s Annual psi min: Annual minimum leaf water potential in MPa Midday psi leaf (Mpa): Midday leaf water potential in MPa WUE (umol/mol): Water use efficiency in umol/mol Gs (mol/m2/s): Stomatal conductance in mol/m²/s Aarea (umol/m2/s): Area-based photosynthetic rate in umol/m²/s LDMC (g/g): Leaf dry matter content in g/g SLA (cm2/g): Specific leaf area in cm²/g MVL (cm): Maximum vessel length in cm MOR (N/mm2): Modulus of rupture in N/mm² BVD (um): 20 biggest vessel lumen diameter in um MVD (um): Mean vessel lumen diameter in um WLR (um/um): Wall-lumen ratio in um/um Vessel%: Vessel percentage in % Parenchyma%: Parenchyma percentage in % Fiber%: Fiber percentage in % Kl (mmol/m/s/Mpa): Maximum leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity in mmol/m/s/MPa Dh (um): Hydraullically weighted vessel diameter in um PLC (%): Percent loss of conductivity in % Midday K (kg/m/s/Mpa): Midday stem sapwood-specific conductivity in kg/m/s/MPa Osmotic potential at full turgor (Mpa): Osmotic potential at full turgor in MPa Leaf water potential at turgor loss point (Mpa): Leaf water potential at turgor loss point in MPa Bulk modulus of elasticity (Mpa): Bulk modulus of elasticity in MPa Absolute capacitance (mol/m2/Mpa): Absolute capacitance in mol/m²/MPa K: Stem-specific maximum hydraulic conductivity (units variable) Units_K: Units associated with value in the same row of the column K P50: Pressure at which 50% of hydraulic function is lost in MPa Units_P50: Units associated with value in the same row of the column P50 (always MPa) Slope: Slope of the PLC curve in %/MPa Units_Slope: Units associated with value in the same row of the column Slope (always %/MPa) Source: Abbreviated citations for manuscripts associated with the data. See Supplementary Table 5 of the associated manuscript for complete citations. Note that citations of all the references listed in Supplementary Table 5 of the associated manuscript (Willson et al.) should accompany any use of this dataset.

This file includes the processed data from our extended meta-analysis of tropical tree and liana hydraulic functional traits. Other functionals traits were included if they were reported in the publications meeting the criteria of our extended meta-analysis for reporting hydraulic functional traits. Columns are as follows: Growth.form: Either tree or liana AccSpeciesName: Accepted species name from the TRY database HV (cm/cm2): Huber value in cm/cm² Al/As (m2/cm2): Leaf area:sapwood area ratio in m²/cm² HV (10^4, m2/m2): Huber value in 10⁴ m²/m² N (g/kg): Mass-based leaf nitrogen content in g/kg WD (g/cm3): Wood density in g/cm³ Dv (um): Vessel diameter in um Denisty (mm-2): Vessel density in mm^-2 Transpiration (mmol/m2/s): Transpiration rate in mmol/m²/s Annual psi min: Annual minimum leaf water potential in MPa Midday psi leaf (Mpa): Midday leaf water potential in MPa WUE (umol/mol): Water use efficiency in umol/mol Gs (mol/m2/s): Stomatal conductance in mol/m²/s Aarea (umol/m2/s): Area-based photosynthetic rate in umol/m²/s LDMC (g/g): Leaf dry matter content in g/g SLA (cm2/g): Specific leaf area in cm²/g MVL (cm): Maximum vessel length in cm MOR (N/mm2): Modulus of rupture in N/mm² BVD (um): 20 biggest vessel lumen diameter in um MVD (um): Mean vessel lumen diameter in um WLR (um/um): Wall-lumen ratio in um/um Vessel%: Vessel percentage in % Parenchyma%: Parenchyma percentage in % Fiber%: Fiber percentage in % Kl (mmol/m/s/Mpa): Maximum leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity in mmol/m/s/MPa Dh (um): Hydraullically weighted vessel diameter in um PLC (%): Percent loss of conductivity in % Midday K (kg/m/s/Mpa): Midday stem sapwood-specific conductivity in kg/m/s/MPa Osmotic potential at full turgor (Mpa): Osmotic potential at full turgor in MPa Leaf water potential at turgor loss point (Mpa): Leaf water potential at turgor loss point in MPa Bulk modulus of elasticity (Mpa): Bulk modulus of elasticity in MPa Absolute capacitance (mol/m2/Mpa): Absolute capacitance in mol/m²/MPa K: Stem-specific maximum hydraulic conductivity (units variable) Units_K: Units associated with value in the same row of the column K P50: Pressure at which 50% of hydraulic function is lost in MPa Units_P50: Units associated with value in the same row of the column P50 (always MPa) Slope: Slope of the PLC curve in %/MPa Units_Slope: Units associated with value in the same row of the column Slope (always %/MPa) Source: Abbreviated citations for manuscripts associated with the data. See Supplementary Table 5 of the associated manuscript for complete citations. Note that citations of all the references listed in Supplementary Table 5 of the associated manuscript (Willson et al.) should accompany any use of this dataset.

Final dataset used to produce Supplementary Figs. 1, 6, and 7 and Supplementary Tables 3 and 4. Columns are as follows: Species.ID: Unique ID number given to each species in the TRY database Growth.form: Either tree or liana Leaf.lifespan..m.: Leaf lifespan in months SLA..mm2.mg.: Specific leaf area in mm²/mg Narea..g.m2.: Area-based leaf nitrogen content in g/m² Aarea..mmol.CO2.m2.s: Area-based photosynthetic rate in mmol CO₂/m²/s SSD..g.cm3.: Stem specific density in g/cm³ SSC..kg.m.s.MPa.: Sapwood specific conductivity in kg/m/s/MPa SRL..m.g.: Specific root length in m/g FRD..mm.: Fine root diameter in mm CRD..mm.: Course root diameter in mm MC....: Mycorrhizal colonization in % RHC..cm3.cm.s.MPa.10.6.: Root hydraulic conductivity in cm³/cm/s/MPa * 10⁶ WVD..um.: Stem conduit diameter in um Dens..1.mm.2.: Stem conduit density in mm^-2 Height..m.: Plant height in m LA..cm.2.: Leaf area in cm² SM..mg.: Seed mass in mg WVEL..um.: Wood vessel element length in um RRD..m.: Rooting depth in m P50..MPa.: Pressure at which 50% of xylem function is lost (P₅₀) in MPa Nmass..mg.g.: Mass-based leaf nitrogen content in mg/g Pmass..mg.g.: Mass-based leaf phosphorus content in mg/g Crown.depth..m.: Crown depth in m Name: Species name (standard name in TRY database) All cells are averages of all available observations for a given trait and species. Because the values are averages, there are no publications associated with the entries in this processed dataset. The raw data from TRY used to produce this data file are available in TRY.zip. The raw text files include the publications associated with the original observations.

Data on ecological forecasting course lessons used in the associated manuscript. Each row is a given course lesson. Columns are defined as follows: Syllabus location: URL to the syllabus or course schedule Course Name: Name of the course, as written on the Ecological Forecasting Initiative website and/or course syllabus Instructor(s): Names of instructors of the course, as written on the Ecological Forecasting Initiative website and/or course syllabus Institution: Higher education institution at which the course was taught. "Ecological Forecasting Initiative" was used for the short course that is not funded by a given institution, but typically is hosted by Boston University. Education level: Undergraduate or Graduate, as defined by the course number and syllabus. Carnegie Classification: Carnegie Classification of the institution, following Indiana University's Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education Module: Course lesson title according to the course schedule Subtopic: The forecasting topic that corresponds to each individual course module (lesson) The institution, Education level, Carnegie classification, and Subtopic are used in our analysis, but all columns have been made available for future analyses.

Final dataset used to produce Supplementary Figs. 1, 6, and 7 and Supplementary Tables 3 and 4. Columns are as follows: Species.ID: Unique ID number given to each species in the TRY database Growth.form: Either tree or liana Leaf.lifespan..m.: Leaf lifespan in months SLA..mm2.mg.: Specific leaf area in mm²/mg Narea..g.m2.: Area-based leaf nitrogen content in g/m² Aarea..mmol.CO2.m2.s: Area-based photosynthetic rate in mmol CO₂/m²/s SSD..g.cm3.: Stem specific density in g/cm³ SSC..kg.m.s.MPa.: Sapwood specific conductivity in kg/m/s/MPa SRL..m.g.: Specific root length in m/g FRD..mm.: Fine root diameter in mm CRD..mm.: Course root diameter in mm MC....: Mycorrhizal colonization in % RHC..cm3.cm.s.MPa.10.6.: Root hydraulic conductivity in cm³/cm/s/MPa * 10⁶ WVD..um.: Stem conduit diameter in um Dens..1.mm.2.: Stem conduit density in mm^-2 Height..m.: Plant height in m LA..cm.2.: Leaf area in cm² SM..mg.: Seed mass in mg WVEL..um.: Wood vessel element length in um RRD..m.: Rooting depth in m P50..MPa.: Pressure at which 50% of xylem function is lost (P₅₀) in MPa Nmass..mg.g.: Mass-based leaf nitrogen content in mg/g Pmass..mg.g.: Mass-based leaf phosphorus content in mg/g Crown.depth..m.: Crown depth in m Name: Species name (standard name in TRY database) All cells are averages of all available observations for a given trait and species. Because the values are averages, there are no publications associated with the entries in this processed dataset. The raw data from TRY used to produce this data file are available in TRY.zip. The raw text files include the publications associated with the original observations.

Data on open-access, online resources used to analyze the distribution of ecological forecasting-related resources in the associated manuscript. Rows are individual resources. Resources can be repeated if they fall into multiple forecasting topics. Columns are as follows: Link: URL for the resource Title: Title of the resource Resource type: Type of resource (e.g., video). Resource types are defined in the appendix of the associated manuscript. Category: Forecasting topic to which the resource corresponds Author: Author(s) of the resource. Institutions were named if no individual author could be identified Education level: Undergraduate, graduate, or both. Estimated by the authors by experience level required Resource level: Introductory or advanced. An alternative way of classifying the experience level required Discipline: Discipline the resource is most closely related to Only the Category column is used in our analysis, but all columns are provided for future analyses.

Data on open-access, online resources used to analyze the distribution of ecological forecasting-related resources in the associated manuscript. Rows are individual resources. Resources can be repeated if they fall into multiple forecasting topics. Columns are as follows: Link: URL for the resource Title: Title of the resource Resource type: Type of resource (e.g., video). Resource types are defined in the appendix of the associated manuscript. Category: Forecasting topic to which the resource corresponds Author: Author(s) of the resource. Institutions were named if no individual author could be identified Education level: Undergraduate, graduate, or both. Estimated by the authors by experience level required Resource level: Introductory or advanced. An alternative way of classifying the experience level required Discipline: Discipline the resource is most closely related to Only the Category column is used in our analysis, but all columns are provided for future analyses.

Forecasting-adjacent course data used in the analysis of course topic distributions among forecasting topics in the associated manuscript. Rows are individual courses. Columns are as follows: College: College or university name offering the course URL: URL for the homepage of the college or university State: State in which the college or university resides Type: Institution type, including length of program (2- or 4-year) and private or public institution. Community colleges and technical/vocational schools are explicitly identified Highgest degree offered: highest degree the institution offers in any field (associate's, bachelor's, master's, PhD, other professional terminal degree) Carnegie Classification: Carnegie classification according to Indiana University's Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education Course: Course name as it appears in the institution's course catalog Department: Department that offers the course, according to the course catalog Subtopic: Forecasting topic that best describes the course content The Carnegie classificatino and Subtopic columns are used in our analysis, but all columns are included for future analyses.

Forecasting-adjacent course data used in the analysis of course topic distributions among forecasting topics in the associated manuscript. Rows are individual courses. Columns are as follows: College: College or university name offering the course URL: URL for the homepage of the college or university State: State in which the college or university resides Type: Institution type, including length of program (2- or 4-year) and private or public institution. Community colleges and technical/vocational schools are explicitly identified Highgest degree offered: highest degree the institution offers in any field (associate's, bachelor's, master's, PhD, other professional terminal degree) Carnegie Classification: Carnegie classification according to Indiana University's Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education Course: Course name as it appears in the institution's course catalog Department: Department that offers the course, according to the course catalog Subtopic: Forecasting topic that best describes the course content The Carnegie classificatino and Subtopic columns are used in our analysis, but all columns are included for future analyses.