Abstract The regional innovation systems (RIS) approach emerged in the early 1990s and has gone through several conceptual and methodological improvements. A fundamental aspect of this approach is the recognition that economic space and geographical proximity between the agents have significant effects both in the generation and in the dissemination of new knowledge, with important implications innovation-based regional policy. This paper aims to present a systematization of the literature on the SRI approach and, at the same time, contribute to the debate on innovation systems in Brazil. Based on a thorough literature review, the paper examines the most relevant conceptual and empirical works on SRI and, therefore, presents a wide range of obstacles and weaknesses that can hinder regional innovation. Finally, the paper concludes with a research agenda aimed at developing countries, showing the existing links between the debate on RIS and the local context in these countries.

Abstract The regional innovation systems (RIS) approach emerged in the early 1990s and has gone through several conceptual and methodological improvements. A fundamental aspect of this approach is the recognition that economic space and geographical proximity between the agents have significant effects both in the generation and in the dissemination of new knowledge, with important implications innovation-based regional policy. This paper aims to present a systematization of the literature on the SRI approach and, at the same time, contribute to the debate on innovation systems in Brazil. Based on a thorough literature review, the paper examines the most relevant conceptual and empirical works on SRI and, therefore, presents a wide range of obstacles and weaknesses that can hinder regional innovation. Finally, the paper concludes with a research agenda aimed at developing countries, showing the existing links between the debate on RIS and the local context in these countries.

There is a growing interest on university-industry linkages in the field of innovation studies, since university can be an important source of information for firms' innovative efforts. In this way, this paper aims to exam how the characteristics of academic research groups influence their interactions with firms. Using data from a survey with research groups in Brazil, an empirical model to evaluate how the characteristics of research groups impact their interactions with firms was estimated. Main results show that research groups with better academic performance, larger and linked to bigger university departments interact more with firms. Additionally, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences research groups also interact more. The main contribution of the paper is to present a better understand of the main factors that shape university-industry linkages in Brazil and how the characteristics of research groups influence their interactions.

There is a growing interest on university-industry linkages in the field of innovation studies, since university can be an important source of information for firms' innovative efforts. In this way, this paper aims to exam how the characteristics of academic research groups influence their interactions with firms. Using data from a survey with research groups in Brazil, an empirical model to evaluate how the characteristics of research groups impact their interactions with firms was estimated. Main results show that research groups with better academic performance, larger and linked to bigger university departments interact more with firms. Additionally, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences research groups also interact more. The main contribution of the paper is to present a better understand of the main factors that shape university-industry linkages in Brazil and how the characteristics of research groups influence their interactions.