To prevent considerable foaming of the latex cement slurry, soap-free emulsion polymerization was employed to prepare latex, which did not require a stabilizer to achieve good stability of the latex. In addition, effects of the AMPS addition, monomer ratio, synthesis temperature, and stirring speed on the performance of the latex were investigated by using AMPS, styrene, and butyl acrylate as the reaction monomers, and the latex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and TEM. The stability of latex was significantly affected by AMPS addition, with good stability at an AMPS content of greater than 30%. With the increase in the addition amount of AMPS, the fluid loss of the cement slurry decreased and then increased; it was the lowest at 40% AMPS, with a loss of 27.32 mL. The analysis suggested that this result may be attributed to the effect of the AMPS addition on the particle size of the latex, resulting in a change in the fluid loss of the cement slurry. With the increase in the mass ratio of St:BA, the fluid loss of the cement slurry first decreased and then increased, reaching an optimum value at a St:BA mass ratio of 5:4, where the fluid loss was only 18.98 mL. This result indicated that a reasonable ratio of hard and soft monomers helps to ensure that the latex exhibits an ability to control fluid loss. With the increase in the synthesis temperature, the fluid loss of the cement slurry decreased first and then increased, and the fluid loss of the cement slurry was the lowest in the temperature range of 75–85℃. The synthesis temperature also mainly affected the particle size of latex as well as the fluid loss of the cement slurry. With the increase in the mixing speed, the fluid loss of the cement slurry increased first and then decreased, and the fluid loss of cement slurry was the lowest at a mixing speed of 400 r·min-1. BSA latex exhibited good stability after seven freeze-thaw cycles between -20°C and 20°C. BSA latex did not cause foaming issues in the prepared latex cement slurry.