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Post-conflict behaviors are a crucial component of primate sociality, yet are difficult to study in the wild. We evaluated the presence and timing of reconciliation, victim-solicited and unsolicited third-party affiliation, and secondary and redirected aggression following observed agonistic interactions among 38 wild gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) in eight one-male, multi-female units at Guassa, Ethiopia, from April to August 2018. We also report background rates of aggression and patterns of agonistic interactions and post-conflict behaviours among wild geladas relative to possible mediating factors for each conflict, including social rank disparity, kinship type, sex, age class, conflict intensity, and conflict decidedness. Across 55 post-conflict and 55 subsequent matched-control focal follows, we found no evidence for post-conflict reconciliation, third-party affiliation, secondary aggression, or redirected aggression. These findings contrast with previous studies of captive geladas, which find that individuals often reconcile after fights and frequently exhibit unsolicited third-party affiliation when reconciliation does not occur. Our results from wild geladas point to possible populational differences in behavioral tendencies arising from variable space, time, social grouping, and/or food availability constraints. Our findings also reveal potential limitations in applying identical data collection protocols across environmental contexts and underscore the importance of creating generalizable cross-context metrics to better understand, and contextualize, the diversity of post-conflict behavioral mechanisms underpinning primate sociality in geladas and other group-living primates

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Post-conflict behaviors are a crucial component of primate sociality, yet are difficult to study in the wild. We evaluated the presence and timing of reconciliation, victim-solicited and unsolicited third-party affiliation, and secondary and redirected aggression following observed agonistic interactions among 38 wild gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) in eight one-male, multi-female units at Guassa, Ethiopia, from April to August 2018. We also report background rates of aggression and patterns of agonistic interactions and post-conflict behaviours among wild geladas relative to possible mediating factors for each conflict, including social rank disparity, kinship type, sex, age class, conflict intensity, and conflict decidedness. Across 55 post-conflict and 55 subsequent matched-control focal follows, we found no evidence for post-conflict reconciliation, third-party affiliation, secondary aggression, or redirected aggression. These findings contrast with previous studies of captive geladas, which find that individuals often reconcile after fights and frequently exhibit unsolicited third-party affiliation when reconciliation does not occur. Our results from wild geladas point to possible populational differences in behavioral tendencies arising from variable space, time, social grouping, and/or food availability constraints. Our findings also reveal potential limitations in applying identical data collection protocols across environmental contexts and underscore the importance of creating generalizable cross-context metrics to better understand, and contextualize, the diversity of post-conflict behavioral mechanisms underpinning primate sociality in geladas and other group-living primates

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Coral reefs are popular for their vibrant biodiversity. By combining Web-scraped Instagram data from tourists and high-resolution live coral cover maps in Hawaii, we find that, regionally, coral reefs both attract and suffer from coastal tourism. Higher live coral cover attracts reef visitors, but that visitation contributes to subsequent reef degradation. Such feedback loops threaten the highest-quality reefs, highlighting both their economic value and the need for effective conservation management. This repository contains the raw Instagram post data used to run these analyses as well as the Python script used to generate this dataset. The base Python script was adapted from code written by Zoe Volenec.

Coral reefs are popular for their vibrant biodiversity. By combining Web-scraped Instagram data from tourists and high-resolution live coral cover maps in Hawaii, we find that, regionally, coral reefs both attract and suffer from coastal tourism. Higher live coral cover attracts reef visitors, but that visitation contributes to subsequent reef degradation. Such feedback loops threaten the highest-quality reefs, highlighting both their economic value and the need for effective conservation management. This repository contains the raw Instagram post data used to run these analyses as well as the Python script used to generate this dataset. The base Python script was adapted from code written by Zoe Volenec.