Supplementary information files for article "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide"

Energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) incorporate carbon components key to their function. Graphite and carbon binder components in LIB electrodes are engineered to deliver critical electrical and mechanical properties, as are the surface chemistry and morphology of carbon blacks (CBs) in LIBs and catalysts. The challenge of relating surface chemistry to morphology is complicated by the numerous forms of carbon bonding and potential for surface functional groups. Furthermore, materials processing can influence bonding and structure of carbon at multiple length scales, as seen in mechanochemical functionalization of CBs. To understand the nature of carbon surfaces, secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI) is introduced as a spatially resolved analysis bridging the nano to microscale. The ability to provide novel insights is demonstrated three example applications: observation of nanoscale “satellite” particles of amorphous hydrogenated carbon on graphitic CB particles, differentiation between graphitic and amorphous hydrogenated nano-thickness carbon coatings on particles of lithium iron phosphate, and differentiation between graphitic carbon active material and carbon binder domain in a LIB anode material. SEHI analysis using peak fitting models for graphitic and disordered carbons is developed based on reference materials and standard spectroscopic methods: Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

© The Author(s), CC BY 4.0

This repository contains the data package for the research paper titled "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide".Contact: SM3 (SEE MORE MAKE MORE) project PI, Professor Cornelia Rodenburg, [email protected]:JFN and SC acknowledge support from the Faraday Institution through project FutureCat (FIRG017).JFN acknowledges support from the Faraday Institution through the studentship (FITG028-B) and thanks Arron Bird for providing CVD carbon reference materials.The authors acknowledge EPSRC funding through See More Make More: EP/V012762/1, EP/V011995/1, EP/V012037/1.The authors acknowledge: use of characterisation facilities within the David Cockayne Centre for Electron Microscopy (DCCEM), Department of Materials, University of Oxford, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1); use of facilities within the Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre and for access to the Helios PFIB, funded by the EPSRC grant EP/P030599/1; access to the Helios Nanolab 650 in the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia, a facility supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Foundation, and the UBC Faculty of Dentistry; Electron microscopy and analysis was performed in the Sorby Centre for Electron Microscopy at the University of Sheffield.ZP, FM and TM acknowledge support from The Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO:68081731 and Strategy AV21, Breakthrough future technologies), CF Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (ISI CAS) supported by the Czech-BioImaging large RI project (LM2023050 funded by MEYS CR) for access to the Helios G4 HP (courtesy Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno).AK, AT, SC and CR acknowledge the EPSRC grant EP/V007696/1, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy Centre at Sheffield, NOSC”.CR, NTHF and FM acknowledge discussions enabled by FIT4NANO (CA19140) through FIT4NANO workshops.The authors acknowledge Dr Benjamen Reed (National Physical Laboratory, U.K.) for the acquisition and analysis of the XPS data provided in this report, and for discussions and comments. The authors further acknowledge Dr Vivian Tong (National Physical Laboratory, U.K) for providing comments. These activities were supported by the National Measurement System of the UK Department of Science, Innovation and Technology.

Supplementary information files for article "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide"

Energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) incorporate carbon components key to their function. Graphite and carbon binder components in LIB electrodes are engineered to deliver critical electrical and mechanical properties, as are the surface chemistry and morphology of carbon blacks (CBs) in LIBs and catalysts. The challenge of relating surface chemistry to morphology is complicated by the numerous forms of carbon bonding and potential for surface functional groups. Furthermore, materials processing can influence bonding and structure of carbon at multiple length scales, as seen in mechanochemical functionalization of CBs. To understand the nature of carbon surfaces, secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI) is introduced as a spatially resolved analysis bridging the nano to microscale. The ability to provide novel insights is demonstrated three example applications: observation of nanoscale “satellite” particles of amorphous hydrogenated carbon on graphitic CB particles, differentiation between graphitic and amorphous hydrogenated nano-thickness carbon coatings on particles of lithium iron phosphate, and differentiation between graphitic carbon active material and carbon binder domain in a LIB anode material. SEHI analysis using peak fitting models for graphitic and disordered carbons is developed based on reference materials and standard spectroscopic methods: Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

© The Author(s), CC BY 4.0

This repository contains the data package for the research paper titled "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide".Contact: SM3 (SEE MORE MAKE MORE) project PI, Professor Cornelia Rodenburg, [email protected]:JFN and SC acknowledge support from the Faraday Institution through project FutureCat (FIRG017).JFN acknowledges support from the Faraday Institution through the studentship (FITG028-B) and thanks Arron Bird for providing CVD carbon reference materials.The authors acknowledge EPSRC funding through See More Make More: EP/V012762/1, EP/V011995/1, EP/V012037/1.The authors acknowledge: use of characterisation facilities within the David Cockayne Centre for Electron Microscopy (DCCEM), Department of Materials, University of Oxford, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1); use of facilities within the Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre and for access to the Helios PFIB, funded by the EPSRC grant EP/P030599/1; access to the Helios Nanolab 650 in the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia, a facility supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Foundation, and the UBC Faculty of Dentistry; Electron microscopy and analysis was performed in the Sorby Centre for Electron Microscopy at the University of Sheffield.ZP, FM and TM acknowledge support from The Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO:68081731 and Strategy AV21, Breakthrough future technologies), CF Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (ISI CAS) supported by the Czech-BioImaging large RI project (LM2023050 funded by MEYS CR) for access to the Helios G4 HP (courtesy Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno).AK, AT, SC and CR acknowledge the EPSRC grant EP/V007696/1, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy Centre at Sheffield, NOSC”.CR, NTHF and FM acknowledge discussions enabled by FIT4NANO (CA19140) through FIT4NANO workshops.The authors acknowledge Dr Benjamen Reed (National Physical Laboratory, U.K.) for the acquisition and analysis of the XPS data provided in this report, and for discussions and comments. The authors further acknowledge Dr Vivian Tong (National Physical Laboratory, U.K) for providing comments. These activities were supported by the National Measurement System of the UK Department of Science, Innovation and Technology.

This repository contains the data package for the research paper titled "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide".Contact: SM3 (SEE MORE MAKE MORE) project PI, Professor Cornelia Rodenburg, [email protected]:JFN and SC acknowledge support from the Faraday Institution through project FutureCat (FIRG017).JFN acknowledges support from the Faraday Institution through the studentship (FITG028-B) and thanks Arron Bird for providing CVD carbon reference materials.The authors acknowledge EPSRC funding through See More Make More: EP/V012762/1, EP/V011995/1, EP/V012037/1.The authors acknowledge: use of characterisation facilities within the David Cockayne Centre for Electron Microscopy (DCCEM), Department of Materials, University of Oxford, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1); use of facilities within the Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre and for access to the Helios PFIB, funded by the EPSRC grant EP/P030599/1; access to the Helios Nanolab 650 in the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia, a facility supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Foundation, and the UBC Faculty of Dentistry; Electron microscopy and analysis was performed in the Sorby Centre for Electron Microscopy at the University of Sheffield.ZP, FM and TM acknowledge support from The Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO:68081731 and Strategy AV21, Breakthrough future technologies), CF Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (ISI CAS) supported by the Czech-BioImaging large RI project (LM2023050 funded by MEYS CR) for access to the Helios G4 HP (courtesy Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno).AK, AT, SC and CR acknowledge the EPSRC grant EP/V007696/1, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy Centre at Sheffield, NOSC”.CR, NTHF and FM acknowledge discussions enabled by FIT4NANO (CA19140) through FIT4NANO workshops.The authors acknowledge Dr Benjamen Reed (National Physical Laboratory, U.K.) for the acquisition and analysis of the XPS data provided in this report, and for discussions and comments. The authors further acknowledge Dr Vivian Tong (National Physical Laboratory, U.K) for providing comments. These activities were supported by the National Measurement System of the UK Department of Science, Innovation and Technology.

This repository contains the data package for the research paper titled "Secondary electron hyperspectral imaging of carbons: New insights and good practice guide".Contact: SM3 (SEE MORE MAKE MORE) project PI, Professor Cornelia Rodenburg, [email protected]:JFN and SC acknowledge support from the Faraday Institution through project FutureCat (FIRG017).JFN acknowledges support from the Faraday Institution through the studentship (FITG028-B) and thanks Arron Bird for providing CVD carbon reference materials.The authors acknowledge EPSRC funding through See More Make More: EP/V012762/1, EP/V011995/1, EP/V012037/1.The authors acknowledge: use of characterisation facilities within the David Cockayne Centre for Electron Microscopy (DCCEM), Department of Materials, University of Oxford, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1); use of facilities within the Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre and for access to the Helios PFIB, funded by the EPSRC grant EP/P030599/1; access to the Helios Nanolab 650 in the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia, a facility supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Foundation, and the UBC Faculty of Dentistry; Electron microscopy and analysis was performed in the Sorby Centre for Electron Microscopy at the University of Sheffield.ZP, FM and TM acknowledge support from The Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO:68081731 and Strategy AV21, Breakthrough future technologies), CF Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (ISI CAS) supported by the Czech-BioImaging large RI project (LM2023050 funded by MEYS CR) for access to the Helios G4 HP (courtesy Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno).AK, AT, SC and CR acknowledge the EPSRC grant EP/V007696/1, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy Centre at Sheffield, NOSC”.CR, NTHF and FM acknowledge discussions enabled by FIT4NANO (CA19140) through FIT4NANO workshops.The authors acknowledge Dr Benjamen Reed (National Physical Laboratory, U.K.) for the acquisition and analysis of the XPS data provided in this report, and for discussions and comments. The authors further acknowledge Dr Vivian Tong (National Physical Laboratory, U.K) for providing comments. These activities were supported by the National Measurement System of the UK Department of Science, Innovation and Technology.

Catalysts characterisation and catalytic data for HDO of fatty acids over Pd/ZSM-5. This data underpins the publication. Spatial segregation of catalytic sites within Pd doped H-ZSM-5 for fatty acids hydrodeoxygenation to alkanes, Nature Communication, 2024.

Catalysts characterisation and catalytic data for HDO of fatty acids over Pd/ZSM-5. This data underpins the publication. Spatial segregation of catalytic sites within Pd doped H-ZSM-5 for fatty acids hydrodeoxygenation to alkanes, Nature Communication, 2024.