"Runj_bx.dat", "Runj_by.dat", "Runj_bz.dat" store two dimensional arrays corresponding to three components of the magnetic field (in field-aligned coordinates) at t = 0.2 s in Runj  (j = 1, 2, 3)."Runj_amp_wna.dat" stores the magnetic latitudes, average magnetic amplitudes, and wave normal angles in Runj  (j = 1, 3)."Runj_electron.dat" stores three dimensional arrays ([parameter number=5, number of electron=135,000, number of time points=952]) corresponding to informations of test electrons in Runj  (j = 1, 2, 3). The locations p, q and velocities vpar, vper1, vper2 of test electrons in different time points are recorded in turn.p and q are desribed in Lu et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026586).vpar: parallel velocity.vper1 and vper2: two components of perpendicular velocity.

"Runj_bx.dat", "Runj_by.dat", "Runj_bz.dat" store two dimensional arrays corresponding to three components of the magnetic field (in field-aligned coordinates) at t = 0.2 s in Runj  (j = 1, 2, 3)."Runj_amp_wna.dat" stores the magnetic latitudes, average magnetic amplitudes, and wave normal angles in Runj  (j = 1, 3)."Runj_electron.dat" stores three dimensional arrays ([parameter number=5, number of electron=135,000, number of time points=952]) corresponding to informations of test electrons in Runj  (j = 1, 2, 3). The locations p, q and velocities vpar, vper1, vper2 of test electrons in different time points are recorded in turn.p and q are desribed in Lu et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026586).vpar: parallel velocity.vper1 and vper2: two components of perpendicular velocity.

Simultaneously enhancing the strength, plasticity, and toughness of metal materials has been a prominent research objective. In this study, the precipitation of nano-scale vanadium carbide particles at a lower tempering temperature is controlled to achieve three key benefits: reducing lattice distortion in bainitic ferrite, strengthening through precipitation, and enhancing the toughness of bainitic ferrite, while also maintaining the content and stability of retained austenite. The adopted procedure increases the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel by 17%. In particular, the room-temperature impact toughness is increased by 41%. This comprehensive microstructure optimization endows bainitic steel with an excellent combination of mechanical properties.

Simultaneously enhancing the strength, plasticity, and toughness of metal materials has been a prominent research objective. In this study, the precipitation of nano-scale vanadium carbide particles at a lower tempering temperature is controlled to achieve three key benefits: reducing lattice distortion in bainitic ferrite, strengthening through precipitation, and enhancing the toughness of bainitic ferrite, while also maintaining the content and stability of retained austenite. The adopted procedure increases the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel by 17%. In particular, the room-temperature impact toughness is increased by 41%. This comprehensive microstructure optimization endows bainitic steel with an excellent combination of mechanical properties.