IntroductionTrueperella bernardiae (T.bernardiae) is a gram-negative coccobacilli that was initially categorized as coryneform bacteria, and thus frequently, it was not further investigated as a pathogenic organism. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) has revolutionized the identification of bacteria, including T.bernardiae. Now case reports for T. bernardiae infections are starting to be reported, but it remains a rare pathogen for infections. Case presentationHere we are reporting a rare case of T. bernardiae bacteremia, presenting with sepsis and imaging finding showing pelvic septic arthritis, micro-abscesses, and osteomyelitis. It would have likely started as urinary tract infection, followed by osteomyelitis and bacteremia. The patient was managed with intravenous vancomycin. The follow-up clinic visit showed clinical improvement. This article also provides a brief literature review of T. bernardiae infections. ConclusionT. Bernardiae infections are rare but have clinical significance. This case adds another case to the literature regarding T. Bernadiae infections and especially highlights the point that they can present with a more serious presentation like sepsis. MALDI-TOF helps in the identification of these rare pathogens.

IntroductionTrueperella bernardiae (T.bernardiae) is a gram-negative coccobacilli that was initially categorized as coryneform bacteria, and thus frequently, it was not further investigated as a pathogenic organism. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) has revolutionized the identification of bacteria, including T.bernardiae. Now case reports for T. bernardiae infections are starting to be reported, but it remains a rare pathogen for infections. Case presentationHere we are reporting a rare case of T. bernardiae bacteremia, presenting with sepsis and imaging finding showing pelvic septic arthritis, micro-abscesses, and osteomyelitis. It would have likely started as urinary tract infection, followed by osteomyelitis and bacteremia. The patient was managed with intravenous vancomycin. The follow-up clinic visit showed clinical improvement. This article also provides a brief literature review of T. bernardiae infections. ConclusionT. Bernardiae infections are rare but have clinical significance. This case adds another case to the literature regarding T. Bernadiae infections and especially highlights the point that they can present with a more serious presentation like sepsis. MALDI-TOF helps in the identification of these rare pathogens.

Background Newborns with hypoxemia often require life-saving respiratory support. In low-resource settings, it is unknown if respiratory support is delivered more frequently to term infants or preterm infants. We hypothesized that in a registry-based birth cohort in 105 geographic areas in seven low-and middle-income countries, more term newborns received respiratory support than preterm newborns. Methods This is a hypothesis-driven observational study based on prospectively collected data from the Maternal and Newborn Health Registry of the NICHD Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research. Eligible infants enrolled in the registry were live-born between 22 and 44 weeks gestation with a birth weight ≥400 grams and born from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. Frequency data were obtained to report the number of term and preterm infants who received treatment with oxygen only, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation (MV). Test for trends over time were conducted using robust Poisson regression. Results 177,728 (86.3%) infants included in this study were term and 28,249 (13.7%) were preterm. A larger number of term infants (n=5,108) received respiratory support compared to preterm infants (n=3,287). Receipt of each mode of respiratory support was more frequent in term infants. The proportion of preterm infants who received respiratory support (11.6%) was higher than the proportion of term infants receiving respiratory support (2.9%, p < 0.001). The rate of provision of respiratory support varied between sites. Conclusions Respiratory support was more frequently used in term infants expected to be at low risk for respiratory disorders compared to preterm infants.

Background Newborns with hypoxemia often require life-saving respiratory support. In low-resource settings, it is unknown if respiratory support is delivered more frequently to term infants or preterm infants. We hypothesized that in a registry-based birth cohort in 105 geographic areas in seven low-and middle-income countries, more term newborns received respiratory support than preterm newborns. Methods This is a hypothesis-driven observational study based on prospectively collected data from the Maternal and Newborn Health Registry of the NICHD Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research. Eligible infants enrolled in the registry were live-born between 22 and 44 weeks gestation with a birth weight ≥400 grams and born from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. Frequency data were obtained to report the number of term and preterm infants who received treatment with oxygen only, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation (MV). Test for trends over time were conducted using robust Poisson regression. Results 177,728 (86.3%) infants included in this study were term and 28,249 (13.7%) were preterm. A larger number of term infants (n=5,108) received respiratory support compared to preterm infants (n=3,287). Receipt of each mode of respiratory support was more frequent in term infants. The proportion of preterm infants who received respiratory support (11.6%) was higher than the proportion of term infants receiving respiratory support (2.9%, p < 0.001). The rate of provision of respiratory support varied between sites. Conclusions Respiratory support was more frequently used in term infants expected to be at low risk for respiratory disorders compared to preterm infants.