This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Orejuela, Andres, Smith, Stacey D., Villanueva, Boris, Deanna, Rocio (2023): A new species of Iochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) from the eastern Andes of Colombia. PhytoKeys 232: 133-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474

<b>Abstract</b><br/>The loss of sexual recombination and segregation in asexual organisms has been portrayed as an irreversible process that commits asexually-reproducing lineages to reduced diversification. We test this hypothesis by estimating rates of speciation, extinction, and transition between sexuality and functional asexuality in the evening primroses. Specifically, we estimate these rates using the recently developed BiSSE (Binary State Speciation and Extinction) phylogenetic comparative method, which employs maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques. We infer that net diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) in functionally asexual evening primrose lineages are roughly eight times faster than diversification rates in sexual lineages, largely due to higher speciation rates in asexual lineages. We further reject the hypothesis that a loss of recombination and segregation is irreversible because the transition rate from functional asexuality to sexuality is significantly greater than zero.and in fact exceeded the reverse rate. These results provide the first empirical evidence in support of the alternative theoretical prediction that asexual populations should instead diversify more rapidly than sexual populations because they are free from the homogenizing effects of sexual recombination and segregation. Although asexual reproduction may often constrain adaptive evolution, our results show that the loss of recombination and segregation need not be an evolutionary dead-end in terms of diversification of lineages.

Background: Convergent phenotypic evolution has been widely documented across timescales, from populations, to species, to major lineages. The extent to which convergent phenotypes arise from convergent genetic and developmental mechanisms remains an open question, although studies to-date reveal examples of both similar and different underlying mechanisms. This variation likely relates to a range of factors, including the genetic architecture of the trait and selective filtering of mutations over time. Here we focus on floral pigmentation, and examine the degree of developmental convergence between white-flowered lineages and white morphs within pigmented species. Results: Using the model clade Iochrominae, we find that white morphs and white-flowered species are biochemically convergent, sharing an absence of colorful anthocyanin pigments. Regression analyses suggest that the expression levels of upstream genes are the strongest drivers of total pigmentation across species, although white species also show sharp downregulation of the downstream genes. The white morphs do not share this pattern and present overall expression profiles more similar to the pigmented species. Conclusions: These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying variation within populations differ from those which give rise to fixed differences between species. Future work will aim to uncover the genetic changes responsible for this developmental non-convergence.

Database with location points for 18 Datureae species.

Sample of 100 trees randomly drawn from the posterior distribution of time-calibrated trees estimated by Dupin & Smith 2018.

Sample of 100 trees randomly drawn from the posterior distribution of time-calibrated trees estimated by Dupin & Smith 2018.

Phylogeny of Datureae with Nicandra as outgroup; pruned MCC tree from Dupin & Smith 2018

Phylogeny of Datureae with Nicandra as outgroup; pruned MCC tree from Dupin & Smith 2018

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Database with location points for 18 Datureae species.