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When generating high resolution paleoceanographic reconstructions for the early to middle Pleistocene sections of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1387, it became obvious that proxy data misfits existed at most splice transitions in the shipboard splice below ~155 mcd. A revised splice was established below Core U1387B-18X based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) derived element records (e.g., ln(Fe/Ca)) and the stable isotope records obtained for planktonic and benthic foraminifers (Voelker et al., 2018; doi: 10.2204/iodp.proc.339.204.2018). Corrections were needed at most of the splice transitions below Core U1387A-19X with adjustments ranging from a few centimeters to several meters, leading to a corrected meters composite depth (c-mcd) scale. In addition, Core U1387A-33X and sections of Core U1387A-36X were integrated into the revised splice to replace Core U1387C-2R and sections of Core U1387C-5R, respectively. The substitution of Core U1387C-2R with Core U1387A-33X is an option for the intended paleoceanographic research and not essential for lower resolution studies. Since data for samples outside the revised splice sequence will not be included in future publications, we are making the data, in particular of Cores U1387C-2R and U1387C-5R, available, so that it can be used by those working along the shipboard splice or needing such data for other interests. Consequently, this dataset provides the stable isotope data measured in G. bulloides and two epibenthic foraminifera species, the sample's dry weight and sand fraction related data as well total organic carbon, carbonate, C/N and lipid biomarker extraction derived data, where available, for Core U1387C-2R and parts of Core U1387C-5R as well as from a few other samples that are not part of the revised splice sequence.

Taxonomic analyses of coccolithophore assemblages have been carried out on sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 975 in the Algero-Balearic basin (38°53.8′ N, 4°30.6′ E), through late marine isotope stage (MIS) 20-19 (from 800 to 756 thousand years ago). Quantitative analyses on coccolithophores were performed at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Bari University (Italy), using a polarized light microscope at 1000 X magnification, and abundances were determined by counting at least 500 coccoliths of all sizes. Nannofossil dissolution index (DI) has been calculated as follows: small gephyrocapsids/(small gephyrocapsids + Calcidiscus leptoporus).

Marine and terrestrial biomarkers analyses have been carried out on sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 975 in the Algero-Balearic basin (38°53.8′ N, 4°30.6′ E), through late marine isotope stage (MIS) 20-19 (from 800 to 756 thousand years ago). Marine and terrestrial biomarkers have been processed at the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (Portugal). The patterns of C37 alkenone concentration and NAR provided reliable information on past paleoproductivity changes. The Alkanol Preservation Index (API) obtained by the relative proportion of n-hexacosan-1-ol (C26OH) to the sum of C26OH plus n-nonacosane (C29) [API = C26OH/(C26OH + C29)], was used as a proxy of sea bottom ventilation in the basin. Sea surface temperature (SST) was estimated calculating the alkenone Uk'37 index that is based on the di- and tri-unsaturated alkenone ratio [(C37:2)/(C37:2 + C37:3)] and converted into temperature values using the global core top calibration of annual SST [Uk'37 = (0.033*SST) + 0.044], with a methodology uncertainty of ±0.5 ◦C. Tetra-unsaturated compound (C37:4) was considered as an indicator of lower temperature and low salinity waters and linked to polar and subpolar water influx into the Western Mediterranean.

Measurements of stable oxygen isotope analysis were performed on four to fifteen specimens of Globigerina bulloides (250–315 μm). These analyses were performed on an Isoprime 100 (Elementar) dual-inlet Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Elementar) at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE, France). The results are expressed as δ18O vs V-PDB (in ‰) through calibration to international NBS standards.

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Planktonic foraminifera faunal data and sea-surface temperature reconstructions for the early-middle Pleistocene interval between 750 and 1006 kilo years from IODP Site U1387 in the Gulf of Cadiz (southern Portuguese margin). This data was used to reconstruct the paleoecological and paleoclimatical changes at the southern Portuguese margin in Mega et al. (2025), The Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic) – an interplay between subtropical gyre and extremely cold surface waters. Clim. Past 21, 919-939, doi:  10.5194/cp-21-919-2025.The data is also available from the world data center Pangaea as a bundled data set:Voelker, Antje H L; Mega, Aline; Rodrigues, Teresa (2025): Planktonic foraminifera faunal data and sea-surface temperatures for the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 18 to MIS 28 interval of IODP Site 339-U1387, Gulf of Cadiz [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.974451