High-resolution atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) records derived from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core covering Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8a - 7a (~260 - 190 ka). The CO2 data were measured at an average temporal resolution of ~340 years using the Ball Mill dry-extraction system at the Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France. The CH4 data were measured at IGE, improving the temporal resolution of existing data previously published by the same laboratory and the Bern laboratories during three specific time periods of MIS 8a - 7a (201.9 - 200.9 ka; 204.1 - 205.9 ka; 249.6 - 250.4 ka).

High-resolution atmospheric methane (CH4) records derived from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core covering Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8a - 7a (~260 - 190 ka). The CO2 data were measured at an average temporal resolution of ~340 years using the Ball Mill dry-extraction system at the Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France. The CH4 data were measured at IGE, improving the temporal resolution of existing data previously published by the same laboratory and the Bern laboratories during three specific time periods of MIS 8a - 7a (201.9 - 200.9 ka; 204.1 - 205.9 ka; 249.6 - 250.4 ka).

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Planktonic Foraminifera Fauna: Identification of N. pachyderma in the greater than 150 micron size fraction was carried out on split subsamples containing at least 300 whole specimens by M.J. Mleneck-Vautravers.Ice-Rafted Detritus: Lithic counts were undertaken on the same split fraction used for faunal identification by M.J. Mleneck-Vautravers. Age model: The age model was developed by aligning the abrupt transitions of d18O record of G. bulloides in core MD01-2444 to warming and cooling events in the NGRIP d18Oice record, presented on: (i) the GICC05 timescale [Svensson, A. et al. A 60,000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology. Clim. Past 4, 47–57 (2008)]; and (ii) the WD2014: modified timescale, whereby NGRIP GICC05 ice ages 31.2–67.2 ka are multiplied by 1.0063. [Buizert, C. et al. The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 1: Methane synchronization (68–31 ka BP) and the gas age–ice age difference. Clim. Past 11, 153-173 (2015)].

Pollen analysis: Sediment samples of 1.5-4 cm3 were prepared for pollen analysis using the standard hot acid digestion technique. Fine sieving, through a mesh of 10 m or less, was not used as it could result in a loss of pollen. Residues were mounted in silicone oil for microscopic analysis at magnifications of 400, 630 and 1000 times. Abundances are expressed as percentages of the main sum, which includes all pollen except Pinus, Pteridophyte spores and aquatics. A minimum of 100 pollen grains, excluding Pinus, spores and aquatics, was counted in each sample. The pollen record was generated by V. Margari, with contributions from P.C. Tzedakis.Age model: The age model was developed by aligning the abrupt transitions of d18O record of G. bulloides in core MD01-2444 to warming and cooling events in the NGRIP d18Oice record, presented on: (i) the GICC05 timescale [Svensson, A. et al. A 60,000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology. Clim. Past 4, 47–57 (2008)]; and (ii) the WD2014: modified timescale, whereby NGRIP GICC05 ice ages 31.2–67.2 ka are multiplied by 1.0063. [Buizert, C. et al. The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 1: Methane synchronization (68–31 ka BP) and the gas age–ice age difference. Clim. Past 11, 153-173 (2015)].