This dataset accompanies the article 'Upstream experience and experimental translocation of invasive bigheaded carps results in increased upstream passage success at a navigation lock in a large river'. The data come from the experimental capture and tagging of invasive bigheaded carp with acoustic transmitters and physically moving some groups farther downstream. These transmitters emit signals that are detected and recorded on receivers that are strategically placed above, within, and below Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 (LD 19). Once the data from the receivers were downloaded, we could show when successful upstream passage through LD19 occurs and compare the origin of the fish and the physical characteristics recorded at the time of tagging. The shipping industry and barge movement data were also included in summaries to evaluate how traffic around these navigation barriers may be preventing or assisting fish movements. To ensure data were being collected with confidence, periodic field testing of the acoustic receiver were performed and included in the final study materials. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.