Data include the following zip files:Raw Illumina sequencing data NESB_GESB_rawdata.zip (2.8 GB)including forward (R1) and reverse (R2) reads of each NESB and GESB sample and replicate of the respective species and marker that have been sequenced. Reads were processed as described in the methods.OTU tables NESB_GESB_Biodiversity (1.405 MB)including the OTU table of all species for the COI marker, i.e. Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Populus nigra, Pinus sylvestirs, Quercus mongolica, Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. The OTU tables represent the "cleaned dataset" (see methods for details) after merging replicates and removing host DNA as well as any non-target DNA. Only OTUs with at least 54 bp in length and a match of >85% compared to the NCBI database are included.R CodeNESB_GESB_biodiv.Rmd (59 KB)includes the R code for data filtering and data analysis.Supplementary TablesSupplementary tables containing additional information.Table S1: Sampling locations and associated tree species of the South Korean and German Environmental Specimen Banks (ESB)Table S2: List of all samples including sampling location, year, respective species, latitude and longitude of sampling location, month of sampling and mean annual temperature if accessibleTable S3: Details of the laboratory workflowTable S4: Values for testing of overdispersionTable S5: List of all zOTUs that match the reference sequence to 100% over 100% of the amplicon lengthTable S6: List of all zOTUs and arthropod species that are exclusively found in near-natural and anthropogenic landscapes