The data associated with this paper is primarily the input parameters used to benchmark the analysis routine. There are three types included; the input parameters in terms of flux and temperature of the individual components within the incident x-ray spectra, the synthetic data created from these spectral components after the noise has been applied, and finally the code sample required to generate these files.

This dataset includes experimental and numerical data from the manuscript 'Towards terawatt-scale spectrally-tunable terahertz pulses via relativistic laser-foil interactions'. The experimental data are obtained in the experiment titled “Intense terahertz radiation from picosecond laser-produced plasmas” (Application No.: 16110035, PI: David Neely), performed at Vulcan TAW. In this experiment, we demonstrate efficient production of terawatt (TW)-level THz pulses from high-intensity picosecond laser-foil interactions, and find the THz spectrum can be manipulated effectively by tuning the laser pulse duration or target size. A general analytical framework for THz generation is developed involving both the high-current electron emission and a time-varying electron sheath at the target rear, and the spectral tunability is found to stem from the change of the dominant THz generation mechanism. The THz radiation is applied to quantitatively diagnose the electron emission and the transient sheath, in good agreements with experimental measurements. Please see the file named “Data description” in the root directory of the attached zip file for a detailed description of the data contained therein. The data acquisition and analysis methods can also be found in the manuscript.

This dataset includes experimental and numerical data from the manuscript 'Multi-millijoule coherent terahertz bursts from picosecond laser-irradiated metal foils'. The experimental data are obtained in the experiment titled “Intense terahertz radiation from picosecond laser-produced plasmas” (App No.: 16110035, PI: David Neely), performed at TAW Vulcan from 8th May 2017 to 10th June 2017. The data are taken to demonstrate a terahertz (THz) pule energy as high as tens of millijoules (mJ) and identify the underlying THz generation mechanisms. Please see the file named “Data description” in the root directory of the attached zip file for a detailed description of the data contained therein. The acquisition and analysis methods of the data can also be found in the manuscript.

The data is from a multichannel calorimeter system, which is taken in intense laser-plasma interactions experiments. This work has been illustrated in the paper “Study of backward terahertz radiation from intense picosecond laser-solid interactions using a multichannel calorimeter system”. The data is taken to study the backward THz generation mechanism in intense laser-solid interactions using a multichannel calorimeter system. The creation method and description of the data can be find in the manuscript.

The data is from fiber Cerenkov diagnostics, which is taken in intense laser-plasma interactions experiments. This work has been illustrated in the paper “Cherenkov radiation-based optical fibre diagnostics of fast electrons generated in intense laser-plasma interactions”. The data is taken to prove that it is valid to use optical fiber to measure fast electrons generated in intense laser-plasma interactions. The creation method and description of the data can be find in the manuscript.

This data set relates to a paper submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, titled 'Role of lattice structure and low temperature resistivity on fast electron beam filamentation in carbon'. The zip file contains a readme file which explains the types of files included and the data they contain. It also contains details of simulation code and input files used to generate the data. The files associated with this data set are embargoed until the paper is accepted for publication.

This dataset contains experimental data as well as simulation input files used in the publication "Optically controlled dense current structures driven by relativistic plasma aperture-induced diffraction" Gonzalez et al. Nat. Phys. (2015) currently at press. The article, supported by the data enclosed, describes the simulation and measurement of the self-induced diffraction of an intense laser pulse by the relativistically transparent aperture it creates in a dense plasma. This diffraction is shown to be mapped into the accelerated electron beam. It is then shown that by changing laser parameters such as polarisation the spatial profile of the electron beam can be controlled. This has important consequences for fundamental laser-plasma physics and for areas such as laboratory astrophysics. The experiment was conducted using the Gemini laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Simulations were conducted using the ARCHER supercomputer based at Edinburgh university.

Influence of radiation reaction force on ultraintense laser-driven ion accelerationThis dataset contains two types of files. These are: (1) *.dat files and (2) *.in files.(1) The *.dat files contain the data plotted in the figures in the corresponding publication.(2) The *.in files are the input files for the PICLS code used to simulate the laser absorption, fast electron generation, synchrotron radiation production, hole-boring and relativistic induced transparency processes and ion acceleration. The folder which contains the data files is organised as follows. The numerical simulation files are classified by the initial parameters used in the simulation, which include the peak laser intensity, the target thickness and the inclusion (or not) of the radiation reaction force. The data for the kinetic energy of the ions and electrons as a function of time is in the file named “energy.dat”. Column 1 is the time and columns 4 and 5 are the numbers of ions and electrons, respectively. The data for the radiated photon energy as a function of time is in the file “Eray.dat”. Column 1 is the time and column 3 is the radiated energy. The data for the maximum energy of ions is in the file named “deuteron-spectrum.dat” for deuterons and “proton-spectrum.dat” for protons. This dataset relates to the EPSRC funded project Advanced laser-ion acceleration strategies towards next generation healthcare (EP/K022415/1), the EPSRC funded research fellowship Multi-PetaWatt laser-Plasma Interactions: A New Frontier in Physics (EP/J003832/1) and the UK Plasma HEC Consortium (EP/L000237/1).

This dataset contains angularly revolved measurements, made using a so-called wrap-around detector, of fast electrons accelerated in intense laser-solid interactions. The experiment was undertaken at the PHELIX laser system in Germany. This data set also contains the results of a comprehensive Geant4 study of the detector response to secondary sources of radiation such as x-rays and protons to aid in the retrieval of the electron signal.

This data set relates to a paper accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters, titled 'Directed fast electron beams in ultraintense picosecond laser irradiated solid targets'. The data is in *.txt formatted files and can be opened by any text viewer. The files associated with this data set are embargoed until the paper is published.