Open-access database of englacial temperature measurements compiled from data submissions and published literature. It is developed on GitHub and published to Zenodo. This version (1.0.0) of the dataset is described in the following publication:Mylène Jacquemart, Ethan Welty, Marcus Gastaldello, and Guillem Carcanade (2025). glenglat: A database of global englacial temperatures. Earth System Science Data 17(4): 1627–1666. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025Dataset structureThe dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Package specification. The metadata in datapackage.json describes, in detail, the contents of the tabular data files in the data folder:source.csv: Description of each data source (either a personal communication or the reference to a published study).borehole.csv: Description of each borehole (location, elevation, etc), linked to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.profile.csv: Description of each profile (date, etc), linked to borehole.csv via borehole_id and to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.measurement.csv: Description of each measurement (depth and temperature), linked to profile.csv via borehole_id and profile_id.For boreholes with many profiles (e.g. from automated loggers), pairs of profile.csv and measurement.csv are stored separately in subfolders of data named {source.id}-{glacier}, where glacier is a simplified and kebab-cased version of the glacier name (e.g. flowers2022-little-kluane).Supporting informationThe folder sources, available on GitHub but omitted from dataset releases on Zenodo, contains subfolders (with names matching column source.id) with files that document how and from where the data was extracted.TablesJump to: source · borehole · profile · measurementsourceSources of information considered in the compilation of this database. Column names and categorical values closely follow the Citation Style Language (CSL) 1.0.2 specification. Names of people in non-Latin scripts are followed by a latinization in square brackets (e.g. В. С. Загороднов [V. S. Zagorodnov]) and non-English titles are followed by a translation in square brackets. The family name of Latin-script names is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the last word of the name (e.g. Emmanuel {Le Meur}, e.g. {Duan} Keqin) or the name ends in two or more unabbreviated words (e.g. Jon Ove {Hagen}). The family name of a Chinese name (and of the latinization) is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the first character.nametypedescriptionid (required)stringUnique identifier constructed from the first author's lowercase, latinized, family name and the publication year, followed as needed by a lowercase letter to ensure uniqueness (e.g. Загороднов 1981 → zagorodnov1981a).authorstringAuthor names (optionally followed by their ORCID or contact email in parentheses) as a pipe-delimited list.year (required)yearYear of publication.type (required)stringItem type.- article-journal: Journal article- book: Book (if the entire book is relevant)- chapter: Book section- document: Document not fitting into any other category- dataset: Collection of data- map: Geographic map- paper-conference: Paper published in conference proceedings- personal-communication: Personal communication between individuals- speech: Presentation (talk, poster) at a conference- report: Report distributed by an institution- thesis-phd: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis- thesis-msc: Master of Science (MSc) thesis- webpage: Website or page on a websitetitle (required)stringItem title.urlstringURL (DOI if available).language (required)stringLanguage as ISO 639-1 two-letter language code.- da: Danish- de: German- en: English- es: Spanish- fr: French- ja: Japanese- ko: Korean- ru: Russian- sv: Swedish- zh: Chinesecontainer_titlestringTitle of the container (e.g. journal, book).volumeintegerVolume number of the item or container.issuestringIssue number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item or container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. F1) or part number (e.g. 75pt2).pagestringPage number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item in the container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. S1).versionstringVersion number (e.g. 1.0) of the item.editorstringEditor names (e.g. of the containing book) as a pipe-delimited list.collection_titlestringTitle of the collection (e.g. book series).collection_numberstringNumber (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) in the collection (e.g. book series volume).publisherstringPublisher name.boreholeMetadata about each borehole.nametypedescriptionid (required)integerUnique identifier.source_id (required)stringIdentifier of the source of the earliest temperature measurements. This is also the source of the borehole attributes unless otherwise stated in notes.glacier_name (required)stringGlacier or ice cap name (as reported).glims_idstringGlobal Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier identifier.location_origin (required)stringOrigin of location (latitude, longitude).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as coordinates in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published map with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from published plot by comparing to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing elevation to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)latitude (required)number [degree]Latitude (EPSG 4326).longitude (required)number [degree]Longitude (EPSG 4326).elevation_origin (required)stringOrigin of elevation (elevation).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as number in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published plot with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from elevation contours in published map- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing location (latitude, longitude) to a map of contemporary elevations (e.g. CalTopo, Google Maps)elevation (required)number [m]Elevation above sea level.mass_balance_areastringMass balance area.- ablation: Ablation area- equilibrium: Near the equilibrium line- accumulation: Accumulation arealabelstringBorehole name (e.g. as labeled on a plot).date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Begin date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_maxdate (%Y-%m-%d)End date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).drill_methodstringDrilling method.- mechanical: Push, percussion, rotary- thermal: Hot point, electrothermal, steam- combined: Mechanical and thermalice_depthnumber [m]Starting depth of continuous ice. Infinity (INF) indicates that only snow, firn, or intermittent ice was reached.depthnumber [m]Total borehole depth (not including drilling in the underlying bed).to_bedbooleanWhether the borehole reached the glacier bed.temperature_uncertaintynumber [°C]Estimated temperature uncertainty (as reported).notesstringAdditional remarks about the study site, the borehole, or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by source.id. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.curatorstringNames of people who added the data to the database, as a pipe-delimited list.investigatorsstringNames of people and/or agencies who performed the work, as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'person (agency; ...) {notes}', where only person or one agency is required. Person and agency may contain a latinized form in square brackets.fundingstringFunding sources as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'funder [rorid] > award [number] url', where only funder is required and rorid is the funder's ROR (https://ror.org) ID (e.g. 01jtrvx49).profileDate and time of each measurement profile.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier (starting from 1 for each borehole).source_id (required)stringSource identifier.measurement_origin (required)stringOrigin of measurements (measurement.depth, measurement.temperature).- submitted: Provided as numbers in data submission- published: Numbers read from original publication- digitized-discrete: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from discrete points of depth versus temperature- digitized-continuous: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from a continuous data source (e.g. line plot of depth versus temperature)date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_max (required)date (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).timetime (%H:%M:%S)Measurement time.utc_offsetnumber [h]Time offset relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).equilibriumstringWhether and how reported temperatures equilibrated following drilling.- true: Equilibrium was measured- estimated: Equilibrium was estimated (typically by extrapolation)- false: Equilibrium was not reachednotesstringAdditional remarks about the profile or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by source.id. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.measurementTemperature measurements with depth.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.profile_id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier.depth (required)number [m]Depth below the glacier surface.temperature (required)number [°C]Temperature.

Open-access database of englacial temperature measurements compiled from data submissions and published literature. It is developed on GitHub and published to Zenodo. This version (1.0.0) of the dataset is described in the following publication:Mylène Jacquemart, Ethan Welty, Marcus Gastaldello, and Guillem Carcanade (2025). glenglat: A database of global englacial temperatures. Earth System Science Data 17(4): 1627–1666. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025Dataset structureThe dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Package specification. The metadata in datapackage.json describes, in detail, the contents of the tabular data files in the data folder:source.csv: Description of each data source (either a personal communication or the reference to a published study).borehole.csv: Description of each borehole (location, elevation, etc), linked to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.profile.csv: Description of each profile (date, etc), linked to borehole.csv via borehole_id and to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.measurement.csv: Description of each measurement (depth and temperature), linked to profile.csv via borehole_id and profile_id.For boreholes with many profiles (e.g. from automated loggers), pairs of profile.csv and measurement.csv are stored separately in subfolders of data named {source.id}-{glacier}, where glacier is a simplified and kebab-cased version of the glacier name (e.g. flowers2022-little-kluane).Supporting informationThe folder sources, available on GitHub but omitted from dataset releases on Zenodo, contains subfolders (with names matching column source.id) with files that document how and from where the data was extracted.TablesJump to: source · borehole · profile · measurementsourceSources of information considered in the compilation of this database. Column names and categorical values closely follow the Citation Style Language (CSL) 1.0.2 specification. Names of people in non-Latin scripts are followed by a latinization in square brackets (e.g. В. С. Загороднов [V. S. Zagorodnov]) and non-English titles are followed by a translation in square brackets. The family name of Latin-script names is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the last word of the name (e.g. Emmanuel {Le Meur}, e.g. {Duan} Keqin) or the name ends in two or more unabbreviated words (e.g. Jon Ove {Hagen}). The family name of a Chinese name (and of the latinization) is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the first character.nametypedescriptionid (required)stringUnique identifier constructed from the first author's lowercase, latinized, family name and the publication year, followed as needed by a lowercase letter to ensure uniqueness (e.g. Загороднов 1981 → zagorodnov1981a).authorstringAuthor names (optionally followed by their ORCID or contact email in parentheses) as a pipe-delimited list.year (required)yearYear of publication.type (required)stringItem type.- article-journal: Journal article- book: Book (if the entire book is relevant)- chapter: Book section- document: Document not fitting into any other category- dataset: Collection of data- map: Geographic map- paper-conference: Paper published in conference proceedings- personal-communication: Personal communication between individuals- speech: Presentation (talk, poster) at a conference- report: Report distributed by an institution- thesis-phd: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis- thesis-msc: Master of Science (MSc) thesis- webpage: Website or page on a websitetitle (required)stringItem title.urlstringURL (DOI if available).language (required)stringLanguage as ISO 639-1 two-letter language code.- da: Danish- de: German- en: English- es: Spanish- fr: French- ja: Japanese- ko: Korean- ru: Russian- sv: Swedish- zh: Chinesecontainer_titlestringTitle of the container (e.g. journal, book).volumeintegerVolume number of the item or container.issuestringIssue number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item or container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. F1) or part number (e.g. 75pt2).pagestringPage number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item in the container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. S1).versionstringVersion number (e.g. 1.0) of the item.editorstringEditor names (e.g. of the containing book) as a pipe-delimited list.collection_titlestringTitle of the collection (e.g. book series).collection_numberstringNumber (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) in the collection (e.g. book series volume).publisherstringPublisher name.boreholeMetadata about each borehole.nametypedescriptionid (required)integerUnique identifier.source_id (required)stringIdentifier of the source of the earliest temperature measurements. This is also the source of the borehole attributes unless otherwise stated in notes.glacier_name (required)stringGlacier or ice cap name (as reported).glims_idstringGlobal Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier identifier.location_origin (required)stringOrigin of location (latitude, longitude).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as coordinates in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published map with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from published plot by comparing to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing elevation to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)latitude (required)number [degree]Latitude (EPSG 4326).longitude (required)number [degree]Longitude (EPSG 4326).elevation_origin (required)stringOrigin of elevation (elevation).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as number in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published plot with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from elevation contours in published map- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing location (latitude, longitude) to a map of contemporary elevations (e.g. CalTopo, Google Maps)elevation (required)number [m]Elevation above sea level.mass_balance_areastringMass balance area.- ablation: Ablation area- equilibrium: Near the equilibrium line- accumulation: Accumulation arealabelstringBorehole name (e.g. as labeled on a plot).date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Begin date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_maxdate (%Y-%m-%d)End date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).drill_methodstringDrilling method.- mechanical: Push, percussion, rotary- thermal: Hot point, electrothermal, steam- combined: Mechanical and thermalice_depthnumber [m]Starting depth of continuous ice. Infinity (INF) indicates that only snow, firn, or intermittent ice was reached.depthnumber [m]Total borehole depth (not including drilling in the underlying bed).to_bedbooleanWhether the borehole reached the glacier bed.temperature_uncertaintynumber [°C]Estimated temperature uncertainty (as reported).notesstringAdditional remarks about the study site, the borehole, or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by source.id. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.curatorstringNames of people who added the data to the database, as a pipe-delimited list.investigatorsstringNames of people and/or agencies who performed the work, as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'person (agency; ...) {notes}', where only person or one agency is required. Person and agency may contain a latinized form in square brackets.fundingstringFunding sources as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'funder [rorid] > award [number] url', where only funder is required and rorid is the funder's ROR (https://ror.org) ID (e.g. 01jtrvx49).profileDate and time of each measurement profile.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier (starting from 1 for each borehole).source_id (required)stringSource identifier.measurement_origin (required)stringOrigin of measurements (measurement.depth, measurement.temperature).- submitted: Provided as numbers in data submission- published: Numbers read from original publication- digitized-discrete: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from discrete points of depth versus temperature- digitized-continuous: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from a continuous data source (e.g. line plot of depth versus temperature)date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_max (required)date (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).timetime (%H:%M:%S)Measurement time.utc_offsetnumber [h]Time offset relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).equilibriumstringWhether and how reported temperatures equilibrated following drilling.- true: Equilibrium was measured- estimated: Equilibrium was estimated (typically by extrapolation)- false: Equilibrium was not reachednotesstringAdditional remarks about the profile or the measurements therein as a pipe-delimited list. Sources are referenced by source.id. Quality concerns are prefixed with '[flag]'.measurementTemperature measurements with depth.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.profile_id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier.depth (required)number [m]Depth below the glacier surface.temperature (required)number [°C]Temperature.

Open-access database of englacial temperature measurements compiled from data submissions and published literature. It is developed on GitHub and published to Zenodo.Dataset structureThe dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Package specification. The metadata in datapackage.json describes, in detail, the contents of the tabular data files in the data folder:source.csv: Description of each data source (either a personal communication or the reference to a published study).borehole.csv: Description of each borehole (location, elevation, etc), linked to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.profile.csv: Description of each profile (date, etc), linked to borehole.csv via borehole_id and to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.measurement.csv: Description of each measurement (depth and temperature), linked to profile.csv via borehole_id and profile_id.For boreholes with many profiles (e.g. from automated loggers), pairs of profile.csv and measurement.csv are stored separately in subfolders of data named {source.id}-{glacier}, where glacier is a simplified and kebab-cased version of the glacier name (e.g. flowers2022-little-kluane).Supporting informationThe folder sources, available on GitHub but omitted from dataset releases on Zenodo, contains subfolders (with names matching column source.id) with files that document how and from where the data was extracted.TablesJump to: source · borehole · profile · measurementsourceSources of information considered in the compilation of this database. Column names and categorical values closely follow the Citation Style Language (CSL) 1.0.2 specification. Names of people in non-Latin scripts are followed by a latinization in square brackets (e.g. В. С. Загороднов [V. S. Zagorodnov]) and non-English titles are followed by a translation in square brackets. The family name of Latin-script names is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the last word of the name (e.g. Emmanuel {Le Meur}, e.g. {Duan} Keqin) or the name ends in two or more unabbreviated words (e.g. Jon Ove {Hagen}). The family name of a Chinese name (and of the latinization) is wrapped in curly braces when it is not the first character.nametypedescriptionid (required)stringUnique identifier constructed from the first author's lowercase, latinized, family name and the publication year, followed as needed by a lowercase letter to ensure uniqueness (e.g. Загороднов 1981 → zagorodnov1981a).authorstringAuthor names (optionally followed by their ORCID or contact email in parentheses) as a pipe-delimited list.year (required)yearYear of publication.type (required)stringItem type.- article-journal: Journal article- book: Book (if the entire book is relevant)- chapter: Book section- document: Document not fitting into any other category- dataset: Collection of data- map: Geographic map- paper-conference: Paper published in conference proceedings- personal-communication: Personal communication between individuals- speech: Presentation (talk, poster) at a conference- report: Report distributed by an institution- thesis: Thesis written to satisfy degree requirements- webpage: Website or page on a websitetitlestringItem title.urlstringURL (DOI if available).language (required)stringLanguage as ISO 639-1 two-letter language code.- da: Danish- de: German- en: English- fr: French- ko: Korean- ru: Russian- sv: Swedish- zh: Chinesecontainer_titlestringTitle of the container (e.g. journal, book).volumeintegerVolume number of the item or container.issuestringIssue number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item or container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. F1) or part number (e.g. 75pt2).pagestringPage number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item in the container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. S1).versionstringVersion number (e.g. 1.0) of the item.editorstringEditor names (e.g. of the containing book) as a pipe-delimited list.collection_titlestringTitle of the collection (e.g. book series).collection_numberstringNumber (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) in the collection (e.g. book series volume).publisherstringPublisher name.boreholeMetadata about each borehole.nametypedescriptionid (required)integerUnique identifier.source_id (required)stringIdentifier of the source of the earliest temperature measurements. This is also the source of the borehole attributes unless otherwise stated in notes.glacier_name (required)stringGlacier or ice cap name (as reported).glims_idstringGlobal Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier identifier.location_origin (required)stringOrigin of location (latitude, longitude).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as coordinates in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published map with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from published plot by comparing to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing elevation to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)latitude (required)number [degree]Latitude (EPSG 4326).longitude (required)number [degree]Longitude (EPSG 4326).elevation_origin (required)stringOrigin of elevation (elevation).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as number in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published plot with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from elevation contours in published map- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing location (latitude, longitude) to a map of contemporary elevations (e.g. CalTopo, Google Maps)elevation (required)number [m]Elevation above sea level.mass_balance_areastringMass balance area.- ablation: Ablation area- equilibrium: Near the equilibrium line- accumulation: Accumulation arealabelstringBorehole name (e.g. as labeled on a plot).date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Begin date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_maxdate (%Y-%m-%d)End date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).drill_methodstringDrilling method.- mechanical: Push, percussion, rotary- thermal: Hot point, electrothermal, steam- combined: Mechanical and thermalice_depthnumber [m]Starting depth of continuous ice. Infinity (INF) indicates that only snow, firn, or intermittent ice was reached.depthnumber [m]Total borehole depth (not including drilling in the underlying bed).to_bedbooleanWhether the borehole reached the glacier bed.temperature_uncertaintynumber [°C]Estimated temperature uncertainty (as reported).notesstringAdditional remarks about the study site, the borehole, or the measurements therein. Souces are referenced by their id.curatorstringNames of people who added the data to the database, as a pipe-delimited list.investigatorsstringNames of people and/or agencies who performed the work, as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'person (agency; ...) {notes}', where only person or one agency is required. Person and agency may contain a latinized form in square brackets.fundingstringFunding sources as a pipe-delimited list. Each entry is in the format 'funder [rorid] > award [number] url', where only funder is required and rorid is the funder's ROR (https://ror.org) ID (e.g. 01jtrvx49).profileDate and time of each measurement profile.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier (starting from 1 for each borehole).source_id (required)stringSource identifier.measurement_origin (required)stringOrigin of measurements (measurement.depth, measurement.temperature).- submitted: Provided as numbers in data submission- published: Numbers read from original publication- digitized-discrete: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from discrete points of depth versus temperature- digitized-continuous: Digitized with Plot Digitizer from a continuous data source (e.g. line plot of depth versus temperature)date_mindate (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).date_max (required)date (%Y-%m-%d)Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).timetime (%H:%M:%S)Measurement time.utc_offsetnumber [h]Time offset relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).equilibratedbooleanWhether temperatures have equilibrated following drilling.notesstringAdditional remarks about the profile or the measurements therein. Sources are referenced by source.id.measurementTemperature measurements with depth.nametypedescriptionborehole_id (required)integerBorehole identifier.profile_id (required)integerBorehole profile identifier.depth (required)number [m]Depth below the glacier surface.temperature (required)number [°C]Temperature.

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Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-02-07 00:04

Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-02-07 00:04

Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-02-07 00:05

Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-02-07 00:05