Current molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and circumscription of the athyrioid fern genus Deparia (Athyriaceae), which includes previously recognized genera including Athyriopsis, ×Depazium, Dictyodroma, Dryoathyrium (= Parathyrium), Lunathyrium, and Triblemma. This broad generic concept has been adopted in several recent taxonomic treatments, including the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I. However, the infrageneric taxonomy of Deparia still needs further revision. In this study, we provide a new infrageneric classification with five sections and three subsections based on the phylogenetic evidence. We recognize two new sections, sect. Dictyodroma and sect. Erectus, and two new subsections, sect. Deparia subsect. Caespites and subsect. Athyriopsis. In addition, we provide a key to the sections and subsections, a table of diagnostic characters, new combinations for three Deparia and one Diplazium species, and a list of species assigned to the sections/subsections. Hybrids derived from crosses between the sections and subsections are also noted.

A new species was collected during a fern expedition in Nuluhon Trusmadi Forest Reserve, Sabah, Borneo. Morphologically, it is similar to both Pteris decrescens Christ and P. parviloba Christ but can be distinguished by the frond characters. Specifically, the new species differs from the other two species by having basiscopic secondary pinnae (vs. without basiscopic secondary pinnae), petiolulate pinnae (vs. sessile pinnae), without bristles on the stipes (vs. with bristles on the stipes), a crenate margin of the pinna-segment apex (vs. a serrate apex), and entire pseudoindusia (vs. ciliate pseudoindusia). Furthermore, P. decrescens and P. parviloba differ in the number of lateral pinnae (5 or 6 vs. 8–16 pairs) and the length of the basal pinna-segments being shortest or longest of all lateral pinnae. Two plastid genes, rbcL and matK, were used to decipher their phylogenetic relationships. The new species was resolved in different clades from P. decrescens and P. parviloba, providing further support of its uniqueness. The morphology, illustrations, ecology, and distribution of the new species are provided. We also found that the type materials of P. decrescens included two different species, P. decrescens and P. parviloba. A lectotype of P. decrescens was therefore designated. Based on the results of this study, P. decrescens and P. parviloba are re-circumscribed, and the new species is described as P. borneensis sp. nov.

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Dryopteris subgenus Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae) includes sections Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema. Phylogenetic relationships among these sections and their relationship to sect. Dryopsis (genus Dryopteris subgenus Erythrovariae, Dryopteridaceae) are unclear. Additionally, previous phylogenetic work has not included Stenolepia, which has been suggested as an important relative of Peranema based on morphology. In this study, we examined phylogenetic relationships within subgenus Nothoperanema by including Stenolepia and utilizing six plastid regions (∼5,500 characters). Our inferred phylogeny revealed that sect. Dryopsis is not monophyletic. The Nothoperanema clade is highly supported, and includes sect. Acrophorus, sect. Diacalpe, sect. Nothoperanema, sect. Peranema, certain Dryopsis species, and Stenolepia. By re-examining diagnostic morphological characters, we establish and describe two new sections under subgenus Nothoperanema: sect. Shiehia and sect. Stenolepia. This revision accommodates new species transferred from sects. Dryopsis and Stenolepia, and makes subgenus Nothoperanema and each of its sections natural groups. Finally, we provide a table with morphological comparisons and a key to sections.