The study is to exam if surface deformation occurs in southern Ontario, Canada and if so, if it is related to changes in water storage change. The surface deformation dataset, derived from the Radarsat-2 InSAR images over five years (from Jan. 2013 to Sept. 2017), presents a surface subsidence trend from 2013 to 2017. The comparisons of the InSAR observed surface deformation and hydrological data indicate that the surface deformation in southern Ontario could be caused by water loading.

The study is to exam if surface deformation occurs in southern Ontario, Canada and if so, if it is related to changes in water storage change. The surface deformation dataset, derived from the Radarsat-2 InSAR images over five years (from Jan. 2013 to Sept. 2017), presents a surface subsidence trend from 2013 to 2017. The comparisons of the InSAR observed surface deformation and hydrological data indicate that the surface deformation in southern Ontario could be caused by water loading.

The study is to exam if surface deformation occurs in southern Ontario and and if so, if it is related to changes in water storage change. The surface deformation data (unit: cm), derived from a set of 48 Radarsat-2 InSAR images over five years (from Jan. 2013 to Sept. 2017), presents a surface subsidence trend from 2013 to 2017 with a mean annual rate of 1-10 mm/year and a seasonal variation of up to 20 mm over the region. The comparisons of the InSAR observed surface deformation and horological data indicate that the surface deformation in southern Ontario could be caused by water loading.

The rumen microbiome is responsible for the unique nature of ruminants. A thorough knowledge of the genetic potential of rumen symbiotic microbes is therefore crucial for the sustainability of ruminant production systems. Using deep metagenome sequencing we identified 13,825,880 non-redundant prokaryote genes from the bovine rumen and constructed 324 high quality metagenomic species. These metagenomic species were prevalent in the rumen of 77 cattle fed various diets whereas known rumen microbial genomes were less abundant. Compared to human, pig and mouse gut metagenome catalogs, the rumen is richer in functions and microbial species associated to the degradation of lignocellulosic material and production of methane. Genes coding for enzymes that deconstruct lignocellulosic substrates showed a particularly high richness that is otherwise impossible to infer from available genomes or shallow metagenomics sequencing. These data bring new insights on functions, enzymes and microbes of the rumen, critical to understand phenotypes and biological processes.

The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular health. Although drug treatment represents a confounding factor, ACVD status, and not current drug use, is the major distinguishing feature in this cohort. We identify common themes by comparison with gut microbiome data associated with other cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes), with liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our data represent a comprehensive resource for further investigations on the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing ACVD as well as other related diseases.

The human uterus is traditionally believed to be sterile, while the vaginal microbiota plays important role in fending off pathogens. Emerging evidence demonstrates the presence of bacteria beyond the vagina. However, a microbiome-wide metagenomic analysis identifying the overall microorganism communities has been lacking. We performed shotgun-sequencing by Illumina platform of 52 samples from the cervical canal and the peritoneal fluid of Chinese women in reproductive age. Direct annotation of sequencing reads identified the taxonomy of bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, confirming and extending the results from our previous study. We replicated the findings in another 24 samples from the vagina, the cervical canal, the uterus and the peritoneal fluid using BGISEQ-500 platform, revealing that microorganisms in the samples from the same individual were largely shared in the whole reproductive tract. Over 99% human sequences were detected in the 20GB raw data. After filtering, vaginal microorganisms were well covered in the generated reproductive tract gene catalogue, while the more diverse upper reproductive tract microbiota might need greater depth of sequencing and more samples to meet the full coverage scale.

To increase the value of mice models studies, we have used HiSeq2000-based whole genome sequencing to establish a catalogue of 2.6 million non-redundant microbial genes derived from 1,130 gigabases of microbial sequences from faecal samples of 184 mice of different strains and from different providers and housing laboratories. More than 99% of the genes are bacterial indicating that the mouse gut microbiota comprises at least 800-900 prevalent bacterial species.This reference gene catalog was annotated to Non-redundant protein sequences (NR) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) databases.

Here we performed metagenomic shotgun sequencing on fecal samples from 98 full-term Swedish infants (new born, 4-months and 12-months old) and their mothers; assembled gut microbial genomes and constructed reference gene catalogs from the cohort. We generated 1.52 Tb paired-end reads of high-quality sequences (average 3.99 Gb per sample). A gene catalog was constructed for each time point based on de novo assembly and metagenomic gene prediction; and functionally annotated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. We also assembled a total of 4,356 microbial genomes (>0.9 MB) de novo; by binning assembled contigs according to abundance variations across samples. These de novo assembled genomes were complemented by 1,147 genomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Bacteria/Archaea genome database. All genomes were subsequently clustered into 690 unique metagenomic operational taxonomic units (MetaOTUs) that were equivalent to species-level classifications. Of these, 373 were annotated to species, the remaining 317 represent novel species related to known species. We constructed the metaOTUs profile by mapping reads to our metaOTUs sequences.

Here we sequenced 249 fecal samples from European adults, leading to a total of 760 samples in the Metagenome of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) project. All 6.4TB whole-genome shotgun sequencing data from 1267 fecal samples in MetaHIT, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and our diabetes study on Chinese adults were processed with the MOCAT pipeline. The resulting gene catalogs were merged using CD-HIT and complemented with genes from 511 sequenced human gut-related prokaryotic genomes that were present in our gut metagenomes. The final high-quality integrated reference catalog of the human gut microbiome contains 9,879,896 non-redundant genes. The genes were phylogenetically annotated according to 3449 bacterial and archaeal genomes and draft genomes from NCBI, and functionally annotated using orthologous groups from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) databases. In addition, 11 samples from the Chinese cohort were re-extracted using the MetaHIT DNA extraction protocol and shotgun-sequenced to compare with the original data generated by a slightly different DNA extraction protocol.

The May 2011 outbreak of an E. coli infection in Europe resulted in serious concerns about the potential appearance of a new deadly strain of bacteria, Escherichia coli O104:H4 TY-2482. In response to this situation, and immediately after the reports of deaths, the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf and BGI-Shenzhen worked together to sequence the bacterium and assess its human health risk.

The bacteriums genome was first sequenced using Life Technologies; Ion Torrent sequencing platform. According to the results of the draft assembly, the estimated genome size of this new E. coli strain is about 5.2 Mb. Sequence analysis indicated this bacterium is an EHEC serotype O104 E. coli strain. Comparative analysis showed that this bacterium has 93% sequence similarity with the EAEC 55989 E. coli strain, which was isolated in the Central African Republic and known to cause serious diarrhea. This strain of E. coli, however, has also acquired specific sequences that appear to be similar to those involved in the pathogenicity of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The acquisition of these genes may have occurred through horizontal gene transfer.

To maximize its utility to the research community and aid those fighting the epidemic, this genomic data was released into the public domain under a CC0 license.

To the extent possible under law, BGI Shenzhen has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to genomic data from the 2011 E. coli outbreak. This work is published from China.