InvaCost is the most up-to-date, comprehensive, standardized and robust data compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with invasive species worldwide. InvaCost has been constructed to provide a contemporary and freely available repository of monetary impacts that can be relevant for both research and evidence-based policy making. The original version of this database contained 2,419 cost estimates described by 46 variables. We have now expanded both the content and the structure of InvaCost by merging it with two other resources generated in the frame of our wider InvaCost project¹: one based on the remaining references collected but not yet processed when constructing the original database (Complementary Search database) and the other one based on documents available in languages other than English (Non-English database). The ongoing work made by the InvaCost consortium² leads to constantly improving the structure and content of the database (see sections below). The list of actual contributors to this data resource now largely exceeds the list of authors listed in this page (see our InvaCost consortium² page, the author list of Complementary Search database and Non-English database (see links above), and the list provided in the Supplementary file of our Workshop Note¹). CONTENT: This page contains several files: (1) 'InvaCost_database' and its subsequent versions contains the cost entries depicted by a number of descriptive columns; (2) 'InvaCost_references' file provides all bibliographic details on original sources of cost data provided in the original version of InvaCost³; (3) ‘Descriptors’ provides full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in InvaCost; (4) ‘Update-InvaCost’ and its subsequent versions have details about the changes made between previous and current versions of InvaCost; (5) ‘Updates_to_come’ contains all information for further update of the most up-to-date version of InvaCost; (6) ‘InvaCost_updates_template’ (downloadable file), in order to make it easier entering data in the spreadsheet and standardize them as much as possible to avoid mistakes and saving time at post-refining stages. METHODOLOGY: All the methodological details and tools used to build and populate this database are available in Diagne et al. 2020 (Sci Data)³. The specific procedures used to build the non-English database are presented in a paper currently in review.UPDATES: InvaCost is intended to be regularly updated with contributions from both authors and future users in order to improve it both quantitatively (by new cost information) and qualitatively (if errors are identified). Any reader or user can propose to update InvaCost by filling the template either with new entries (‘InvaCost_updates_template/TemplateNewInformation’) or with corrections (‘InvaCost_updates_template/TemplateChanges’) and sending it to our email address ([email protected]). Each updated public version of InvaCost is stored in the same repository than the original version, with a unique version number. For this purpose, we consider the original version of InvaCost publicly released in September 2020 as ‘InvaCost_1.0’. The further updated versions are named using the subsequent numbering (e.g., ‘InvaCost_2.0’, InvaCost_2.1’) and all information on changes made are provided in a dedicated file called ‘Updates-InvaCost’ (named using the same numbering, e.g., ‘Updates-InvaCost_2.0’, ‘Updates-InvaCost_2.1’). We consider changing the first level of this numbering (e.g. ‘InvaCost_3.x’ ‘InvaCost_4.’x) only when the structure of the database changes. Every user wanting to have the most up-to-date version of the database should refer to the last released version and update it with the document “Updates to come”. The second publicly released version of InvaCost is "Invacost_3.0". Invacost_2.0 and 2.1 were internal versions for our consortium.RECOMMENDATIONS: Every user should read the ‘Usage notes’ section of Diagne et al. 2020 (Sci Data)³ before considering the database for analysis purposes or specific interpretation. InvaCost compiles cost data published in the literature, but does not aim to provide a ready-to-use dataset for specific analyses. While the cost data are described in a homogenized way in InvaCost, the intrinsic disparity, complexity, and heterogeneity of the cost data require specific data processing depending on the user objectives. However, we provide necessary information and caveats about recorded costs. CAUTION: InvaCost is currently being analysed by a network of international collaborators in the frame of the InvaCost project^1,2,4. Interested users may contact the authors if they wish to learn more about or contribute to these current efforts. Users are in no way prevented from performing their own independent analyses and collaboration with this network is not required. Nonetheless, users and contributors are encouraged to contact the authors before using the database, as the information contained may not be directly implementable for specific analyses.RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS: ¹Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260 ²Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions³Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z⁴InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/

The ‘Non-English database’ is part of the InvaCost project (1) that compiles cost information associated with biological invasions. These records describe cost estimates reported in documents written in ten languages other than English (i.e. Chinese, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Dutch, and Ukrainian). An updated version of this database is now incorporated within the core InvaCost Database (3).CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'InvaCost_Non-English database' and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file).METHODOLOGY: The methodology was similar to the one used to compile the original version of InvaCost (2), but targeting more national webpages and specific literature databases, as well as directly contacting stakeholders that could provide data. The search was carried out by native speakers. Entries were checked by two contributors, except for the entries in Ukrainian and Greek. These ‘non-English’ searches originally resulted in 356 documents and 5,212 entries.UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere (3) for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS:1. Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37. https://doiorg/10.3897/neobiota.63.552602. Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z3.Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 4. Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions5. InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/

This database is complementary to the original version of Invacost^[1]. An updated version of this database is now incorporated within this core database.CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'Complementary Search’ database' ('InvaCost_SC database') and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file). METHODOLOGY: The construction of this complementary database results from a collective work made by members of the InvaCost consortium^[2] following the InvaCost workshop^[3,4]. We have screened a total of 304 new references (collected but not processed in the building process of original InvaCost) from which we extracted 2,374 cost entries. Most of the screened references belong to plants; however, they also contain costs for other invasive organisms (animals and pathogens). All cost entries have been standardized for both costs and text, however not all have been yet double-checked (i.e. process to ensure quality of the integrated information, usually made by one or two independent researchers) as the other parts of the Invacost database (i.e. original InvaCost_1.0 and Non-English).UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere^[5] for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS: [1]Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 [2] Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions[3] InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/ [4] Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37.https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260[5] Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z

The ‘Non-English database’ is part of the InvaCost project (1) that compiles cost information associated with biological invasions. These records describe cost estimates reported in documents written in ten languages other than English (i.e. Chinese, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Dutch, and Ukrainian). An updated version of this database is now incorporated within the core InvaCost Database (3).CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'InvaCost_Non-English database' and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file).METHODOLOGY: The methodology was similar to the one used to compile the original version of InvaCost (2), but targeting more national webpages and specific literature databases, as well as directly contacting stakeholders that could provide data. The search was carried out by native speakers. Entries were checked by two contributors, except for the entries in Ukrainian and Greek. These ‘non-English’ searches originally resulted in 356 documents and 5,212 entries.UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere (3) for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS:1. Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37. https://doiorg/10.3897/neobiota.63.552602. Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z3.Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 4. Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions5. InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/

This database is complementary to the original version of Invacost^[1]. An updated version of this database is now incorporated within this core database.CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'Complementary Search’ database' ('InvaCost_SC database') and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file). METHODOLOGY: The construction of this complementary database results from a collective work made by members of the InvaCost consortium^[2] following the InvaCost workshop^[3,4]. We have screened a total of 304 new references (collected but not processed in the building process of original InvaCost) from which we extracted 2,374 cost entries. Most of the screened references belong to plants; however, they also contain costs for other invasive organisms (animals and pathogens). All cost entries have been standardized for both costs and text, however not all have been yet double-checked (i.e. process to ensure quality of the integrated information, usually made by one or two independent researchers) as the other parts of the Invacost database (i.e. original InvaCost_1.0 and Non-English).UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere^[5] for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS: [1]Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 [2] Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions[3] InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/ [4] Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37.https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260[5] Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z

CAUTION: InvaCost is currently being analysed by a network of international collaborators in the frame of the InvaCost project (https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/). Interested users may contact the authors if they wish to learn more about or contribute to these current efforts. Users are in no way prevented from performing their own independent analyses and collaboration with this network is not required. Nonetheless, users and contributors are encouraged to contact the authors before using the database, as the information contained may not be directly implementable for specific analyses.
InvaCost ('InvaCost_database' file) is the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust data compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with invasive species worldwide. Currently, this database contains 2419 cost estimates described by 46 variables. InvaCost has been constructed to provide a contemporary and freely available repository of monetary impacts that can be relevant for both research and evidence-based policy making issues. All the methodological details and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database are available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00586-z. All scientific peer-reviewed articles and grey literature (along with their bibliographic details and/or links) collected and examined for collating and describing these cost data are also provided in the 'InvaCost_references' file (see the related published paper abovementioned for specific details). InvaCost is intended to be regularly updated with contributions from both authors and future users in order to improve it both quantitatively (by new cost information) and qualitatively (if errors are identified). Any reader or user can propose to update InvaCost by contacting our e-mail address ([email protected]). Each updated version of InvaCost will be stored in the same repository as the original version, with a unique version number. For this purpose, we consider the original version of InvaCost publicly released on (date of publication) as ‘InvaCost_1.0’. The further updated versions will be named using the order of this numbering (e.g., ‘InvaCost_1.1’, InvaCost_1.2’) with all information on changes made that will be provided in a dedicated file called ‘Updates_Changes.xlsx’. We will consider ‘InvaCost_2.0’ only when the structure of the database will change.
IMPORTANT: In the frame of our general InvaCost project, we have now generated two other databases on the economic costs of invasions worldwide: one based on the remaining references collected (but not yet processed when constructing the original InvaCost database) that is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12928145.v1; and the other one based on documents available on languages other than English, which is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12928136.

The ‘Non-English database’ is part of the InvaCost project (1) that compiles cost information associated with biological invasions. These records describe cost estimates reported in documents written in ten languages other than English (i.e. Chinese, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Dutch, and Ukrainian). An updated version of this database is now incorporated within the core InvaCost Database (3).CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'InvaCost_Non-English database' and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file).METHODOLOGY: The methodology was similar to the one used to compile the original version of InvaCost (2), but targeting more national webpages and specific literature databases, as well as directly contacting stakeholders that could provide data. The search was carried out by native speakers. Entries were checked by two contributors, except for the entries in Ukrainian and Greek. These ‘non-English’ searches originally resulted in 356 documents and 5,212 entries.UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere (3) for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS:1. Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37. https://doiorg/10.3897/neobiota.63.552602. Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z3.Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 4. Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions5. InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/

This database is complementary to the original version of Invacost^[1]. An updated version of this database is now incorporated within this core database.CONTENT: This page contains (a) the original version of the 'Complementary Search’ database' ('InvaCost_SC database') and (b) full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in this database (‘Descriptors’ file). METHODOLOGY: The construction of this complementary database results from a collective work made by members of the InvaCost consortium^[2] following the InvaCost workshop^[3,4]. We have screened a total of 304 new references (collected but not processed in the building process of original InvaCost) from which we extracted 2,374 cost entries. Most of the screened references belong to plants; however, they also contain costs for other invasive organisms (animals and pathogens). All cost entries have been standardized for both costs and text, however not all have been yet double-checked (i.e. process to ensure quality of the integrated information, usually made by one or two independent researchers) as the other parts of the Invacost database (i.e. original InvaCost_1.0 and Non-English).UPDATES, RECOMMENDATIONS & CAUTION: Please consider information already described elsewhere^[5] for the original InvaCost database. RELATED LINKS AND PUBLICATIONS: [1]Database: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570 [2] Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions[3] InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/ [4] Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37.https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260[5] Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z

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