Description and susceptibility of periodontopathic bacteria with severe chronic periodontitis among a group of Peruvian patients: A pilot study ABSTRACT Background: Severe periodontal disease is highly prevalent worldwide, affecting 20 % of the population between the ages of 35 and 44 years old. The etiological epidemiology in Peru is scarce, even though some studies describe a prevalence of 48.5 % of periodontal disease in the general population. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases associated with site-specific changes in the oral microbiota and it has been associated to socioeconomic state. This study aimed to determine the etiology and resistance profile of bacteria identified in a group of patients with chronic severe periodontitis. Methods: Six subgingival plaque samples were collected from eight patients with chronic severe periodontitis. Bacterial identification was carried out by an initial culture, PCR amplification and subsequently DNA sequencing. We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Results: Variable diversity in oral microbiota was identified in each one the eight patients. The bacterial genus most frequently found was Streptococcus spp. (15/48, 31.3 %) followed by Rothia spp. (11/48, 22.9 %), Actinomyces spp. (9/48, 18.8 %), and Eikenella spp. (4/48, 8.3 %). The most common species found was Rothia dentocariosa (8/48, 16.7 %). The antimicrobial susceptibility assay varied according to the species tested, however, among all the isolates evaluated Actinomyces naeslundii was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline; Eikenella corrodens resistant to dicloxacillin; and Rothia dentocariosa was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and metronidazole but also susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: Bacterial species of importance medical were detected in patients with chronic severe periodontitis, especially Rothia dentocariosa, most prevalent in this study. Specific antimicrobial therapy is required to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with periodontal disease and to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance.

Description and susceptibility of periodontopathic bacteria with severe chronic periodontitis among a group of Peruvian patients: A pilot study ABSTRACT Background: Severe periodontal disease is highly prevalent worldwide, affecting 20 % of the population between the ages of 35 and 44 years old. The etiological epidemiology in Peru is scarce, even though some studies describe a prevalence of 48.5 % of periodontal disease in the general population. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases associated with site-specific changes in the oral microbiota and it has been associated to socioeconomic state. This study aimed to determine the etiology and resistance profile of bacteria identified in a group of patients with chronic severe periodontitis. Methods: Six subgingival plaque samples were collected from eight patients with chronic severe periodontitis. Bacterial identification was carried out by an initial culture, PCR amplification and subsequently DNA sequencing. We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Results: Variable diversity in oral microbiota was identified in each one the eight patients. The bacterial genus most frequently found was Streptococcus spp. (15/48, 31.3 %) followed by Rothia spp. (11/48, 22.9 %), Actinomyces spp. (9/48, 18.8 %), and Eikenella spp. (4/48, 8.3 %). The most common species found was Rothia dentocariosa (8/48, 16.7 %). The antimicrobial susceptibility assay varied according to the species tested, however, among all the isolates evaluated Actinomyces naeslundii was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline; Eikenella corrodens resistant to dicloxacillin; and Rothia dentocariosa was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and metronidazole but also susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: Bacterial species of importance medical were detected in patients with chronic severe periodontitis, especially Rothia dentocariosa, most prevalent in this study. Specific antimicrobial therapy is required to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with periodontal disease and to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance.

Molecular etiological profile of atypical bacterial pathogens, viruses and coinfections among infants and children with community acquired pneumonia admitted to a national hospital in Lima, Peru.
Abstract Objetive: The main objective of this study was to detect the presence of 14 respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae), via Polymerase Chain Reaction in patients under 18 years old hospitalized due to CAP from Lima, Peru. Results: Atypical pathogens were detected in 39.73% (58/146); viral etiologies in 35.62% (52/146) and coinfections in 18.49% (27/146). The most common etiological agent was M. pneumoniae (n=47), followed by C. pneumoniae (n=11). The most frequent respiratory viruses detected were: respiratory syncytial virus A (n= 35), influenza virus C (n= 21) and parainfluenza virus (n= 10). Viral-bacterial and bacterium-bacterium coinfections were found in 27 cases. In our study population, atypical bacteria (39.73%) were detected as frequently as respiratory viruses (35.62%). The presence of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae should not be underestimated as they can be commonly isolated in Peruvian children with CAP.