Dataset for Fargeot et al_GENETIC DIVERSITY AFFECTS ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS ACROSS TROPHIC LEVELS AS MUCH AS SPECIES DIVERSITY, BUT IN AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION

The relative effects of intra- and interspecific diversity on ecosystem functions are poorly understood, especially under natural and multi-trophic conditions. Here, we investigated the interplay between species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem functions across three trophic levels (trees, shredders and fishes) in natural aquatic ecosystems. We estimated species diversity and genetic diversity within each trophic level, seven key ecosystem functions, and we assessed the strength of each possible relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs). While the absolute effect sizes of BEFs were comparable at both the genetic and species levels, we observed a consistent positive association between genetic diversity and ecosystem functions, whereas species diversity exhibited a negative association. Notably, these contrasting effects of species and genetic diversity were evident solely when BEFs were assessed within trophic levels, rather than across them. This underscores the necessity of considering both species and genetic diversity lossto predictecosystem dynamics.This file synthesizes the data required for running the statistical models described in the MS