Figure 4

Figure 4 | Activation of hM3Dq signaling in astrocytes increases cortical cytokine mRNA in acute but not chronic treatment conditions. a, e, Experimental timeline for astro-hM3Dq and control mice, receiving vehicle or clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, 1 mg/kg i.p.) in acute (a) or chronic (e) conditions. b, f, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF- ), c, g, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 ), and d, h, interleukin-6 (IL-6) cortical mRNA expression. All data are expressed as folds of change from the vehicle-treated group. Complete n values are as follows for acute treatment; astro-hM3Dq males (16 vehicle, 16 CNO), astro-hM3Dq females (8 vehicle, 7 CNO), littermate control males (10 vehicle, 11 CNO), littermate control females (8 vehicle, 9 CNO). Complete n values are as follows for chronic treatment; astro-hM3Dq males (8 vehicle, 8 CNO), astro-hM3Dq females (4 vehicle, 4 CNO), littermate control males (6 vehicle, 7 CNO), littermate control females (4 vehicle, 4 CNO). Each symbol on the graph represents an individual animal (blue=males, pink=females). Data are expressed as folds of change from the vehicle-injected control mice group (FOC) and are represented as mean SEM. Two-way ANOVA adjusted with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ns >0.05, ** <0.01, **** <0.0001.