HOTAIR expression as a biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme: a comprehensive meta-analysis of current evidence

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor. This meta-analysis investigates the association between HOTAIR expression levels and GBM. We searched the literature for studies on HOTAIR expression in GBM patients. A meta-analysis of nine studies assessed standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sample source, country, and study design. Additionally, we conducted meta-regression and publication bias analyses. The meta-analysis found a significant positive association between elevated HOTAIR expression and GBM (SMD = 8.3, 95% CI 5.8–10.8, p = 0.00). Considerable heterogeneity was observed (Q-value: 1174.2, df = 9, I² = 99.2%, p = 0.00). Subgroup analyses indicated significant associations in tissue samples and studies from the USA and China. Meta-regression revealed that study design and country contributed to the observed heterogeneity, with no significant publication bias detected. This analysis confirms the significant link between HOTAIR expression and GBM, highlighting HOTAIR as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker. Further research is necessary to clarify the biological mechanisms involved in this association.