Consistent meteorological (ERA5) and chemical (CLaMS) information across airborne measurements over the globe between 1997 and 2023

ContentInterpolation of ERA5 variables, CLaMS mixing ration tracer and CLaMS age spectrum data onto the flight path. All campaigns are available with a time resolution of 10 seconds. In addition, the campaigns ND-MAX, PHILEAS and WISE are also available with a 1 second time resolution and DWD-O3-Sondes, NOAA-AirCore and NOAA-GUF with their original irregular time resolution.CampaignsACCLIP (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F), NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA), KMA/NIMS Beech King Air 350HW NARA (HL5240))ACRIDICON  (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))AIRTOSS  (Learjet 35-A (D-CGFD))AMMA (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))ATom (NASA Douglas DC-8 AFRC (N817NA))ATTREX (Northrop Grumman Global Hawk AFRC 872 (AV-6))BLUESKY (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))CAFE-Brazil (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))CAFE-EU (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))CARIBIC-1 (CARIBIC-01 Boeing 767-3G5(ER) (D-AMUN))CARIBIC-2 (CARIBIC-02 Airbus A340-642 (D-AIHE))CIRRUS-HL (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))COALESC (FAAM British Aerospace BAe-146-301 (G-LUXE))CONTRAST (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))CRYSTAL-FACE (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))DEEPWAVE (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET), NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))DWD-O3-Sonde-HP (Ozonesonde)ECLIF-2 (DLR Airbus A320-232 ATRA (D-ATRA))EMeRGe-EU (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))EMeRGe-Asia (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))ENVISAT (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))ESMVal (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))EuPLEx (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))GUF-AirCore (AirCore)GW-LCYCLE (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))GW-LCYCLE-2 (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))HIPPO (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))LTU (Ballon)MACPEX (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))MidCiX (NASA WB-57F JSC)ML-CIRRUS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))ND-MAX (NASA Douglas DC-8 AFRC (N817NA))NOAA-AirCore (AirCore)OMO (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))PHILEAS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))POLSTRACC (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))POSIDON (NASA WB-57F JSC (N927NA))RACEPAC (Basler BT-67 Polar 6 (C-GHGF))SABRE (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))SCOUT (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))SouthTRAC (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))SPartICus (SPEC Learjet 25 (N999MF))SPURT  (Learjet 35-A (D-CGFD))START08 (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))StratoClim (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))TACTS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))TC4 (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))TRoCCiNOx (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))VERDI (Basler BT-67 Polar 5 (C-GAWI))WISE (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))Changelog14.04.2025: initial uploadFundingThis project has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – TRR 301 – Project-ID 428312742, TPChange: The Tropopause Region in a Changing Atmosphere (https://tpchange.de/).  Project Z01 - TPChange data homogenization projectIntroductionIssues arise when observational data from small scales in time and space should be used on quasi-climatological studies. These issues are rooted in models, model types, temporal resolutions, grid widths, interpolation methods, calculation methods. The Main goal of this project is to create consistent supporting information for observational data sets using reanalysis and modelling data.Data usageIn case you want to use the data, please contact Daniel Kunkel or Hans-Christoph Lachnitt. In case you want to use CLaMS age spectrum variables, please also contact Felix Plöger. In case you want to use CLaMS mixing ratio tracer, please also contact Paul Konopka.Data productMerge files containgeospatial information of the observation, i.e., time, longitude, latitude and pressureERA5 reanalysis data (Hersbach et al., 2020)CLaMS chemical species model data (Pommertich et al., 2014; Konopka et al., 2022; Konopka et al., 2025)CLaMS age species model data (Plöger et al., 2016; Plöger et al., 2021)Data is interpolatedlinear in timebilinear in the horizontallinear in the verticalIn the vertical interpolation is completed either using pressure, potential temperature or with the hybrid potential temperature depending on the variables.Model dataERA5 datanative variables:temperature "ERA5_TEMP" in Kelvinpressure "ERA5_PRESS" in hPasurface pressure "ERA5_ps" in hPapotential temperature "ERA5_THETA" in Kelvingeopotential "ERA5_PHI" in m^2 s^-2specific humidity "ERA5_SH" in kg kg^-1cloud ice water content "ERA5_CIWC" in kg kg^-1cloud liquid water content "ERA5_CLWC" in kg kg^-1vertical wind "ERA5_OMEGA" in Pa s^-1zonal wind "ERA5_U" in m s^-1meridional wind "ERA5_V" in m s^-1divergence "ERA5_D" in s^-1vorticity (relative) "ERA5_VO" in s^-1boundary layer height "ERA5_BLH" in mconvective available potential energy "ERA5_CAPE" in J kg^-1ozone mass mixing ratio "ERA5_O3" in kg kg^-1derived variables:Squared Brunt-Vaisala frequency "ERA5_BVF" in s^-2vertical wind shear "ERA5_S2" in s^-2vertical wind in "ERA5_W" in m s^-1potential vorticity "ERA5_PV" in pvuequivalent latitude "ERA5_EQLAT" in deg Ntropopause diagnostics:potential temperature of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_THETA" in Kpressure of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_PRESS" in hPaheight of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_Z" in kmpressure at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_1_5" in hPapressure at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_2_0" in hPapressure at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_3_5" in hPapressure at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_4_0" in hPapressure at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_6_0" in hPapressure at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_8_0" in hPapressure at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_10_0" in hPapotential temperature at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_1_5" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_2_0" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_3_5" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_4_0" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_6_0" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_8_0" in Kpotential temperature at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_10_0" in Kgeopotential at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_1_5" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_2_0" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_3_5" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_4_0" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_6_0" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_8_0" in m^2 s^-2geopotential at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_10_0" in m^2 s^-2CLaMS model datamixing ratio tracer:ozone volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_O3" in m^3 m^-3carbon monoxid volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CO" in m^3 m^-3nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_N2O" in m^3 m^-3water vapour volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_H2O" in m^3 m^-3carbon dioxide volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CO2" in m^3 m^-3methane volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CH4" in m^3 m^-3CFC11 volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_F11" in m^3 m^-3CFC12 volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_F12" in m^3 m^-3stratospheric air mass tracer "CLaMS_ST" in %age spectrum variables:E30 tracer with 30 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E30" in m^3 m^-3E90 tracer with 90 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E90" in m^3 m^-3E180 tracer with 180 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E180" in m^3 m^-3E360 tracer with 360 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E360" in m^3 m^-3E720 tracer with 720 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E720" in m^3 m^-3E1080 tracer with 1080 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E1080" in m^3 m^-3mass fraction younger than 1 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_01" in %mass fraction younger than 3 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_03" in %mass fraction younger than 6 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_06" in %mass fraction younger than 12 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_12m" in %mass fraction older than 12 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_12p" in %mass fraction older than 24 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_24" in %mass fraction older than 36 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_36" in %mass fraction older than 48 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_48" in %mean age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_AGE" in yearmodal age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MODE" in yearmedian age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MEDIAN" in yearmean age from clock-tracer (Boundary Age) "AgeSpec_BA" in yeartropical surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_TF_01" in %NH surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_NF_01" in %SH surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_SF_01" in %Observational dataThe merge files contain at least the positional data "time", "longitude", "latitude" and "pressure", "altitude" and "potential temperature":time "Time" is given in seconds with the reference date 01.01.1970time "SsM" is given in seconds since midnightdate "YMD" in yyyymmdd formatlatitude "Lat" is provided between "-90:90" in degrees northlongitude "Lon" is provided between "-180:180" in degrees eaststatic air pressure "Pres" in hPapressure altitude "PAlt" in mpotential temperature "Theta" in KAvailable Campaignsabbreviationlong nameyeardata sourceACCLIPAsian Summer Monsoon Chemical & Climate Impact Project2022ACCLIPACRIDICONAerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems2014ACRIDICONAIRTOSSAircraft Towed Sensor Shuttle2013Contact: Heiko BozemAMMAAfrican Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis2006Contact: Christian RolfATomAtmospheric Tomography Mission2016 - 2018ATomATTREXAirborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment2011 - 2015ATTREXBLUESKYBluesky (Examination of the atmosphere during the Coronavirus lockdown)2020BLUESKYCAFEBrazilChemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Brazil2022, 2023CAFE-BrasilCAFEEUChemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment over Europe2020CAFE-EUCARIBIC1Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container 11997 - 2002CARIBIC 1CARIBIC2Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container 22005 - 2020CARIBIC 2CIRRUSHLCirrus in High Latitudes2021CIRRUS-HLCOALESCCloud physics and radiation studies2011COALESCCONTRASTConvective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics2014CONTRASTCRYSTALFACEThe Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment2002CRYSTAL-FACEDEEPWAVEDeep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment over New Zealand2014DEEPWAVEDWDO3SondeHPDWD Ozone Sondes from Hohenpeißenberg1997 - 2022DWD O3Sonde HPECLIF2Emission and Climate Impact of Alternative Fuel 22018ECLIF 2EMeRGeAsiaEffect of megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the regional and global scale - Asia2018EMeRGe-AsiaEMeRGeEUEffect of megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the regional and global scale - EU2017EMeRGe-EUENVISATENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) Midlatitude Validation Campaign; Arctic Validation Campaign2002, 2003Contact: Christian RolfESMValTransition from summer to autumn Earth System Model Validation2012ESMValEuPLExEuropean Polar Stratospheric Cloud and Lee Wave Experiment2003Contact: Christian RolfGUFAirCoreAirCore Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main2021 - 2023Contact: Andreas EngelGWLCYCLEGravity Wave Life Cycle2013GW-LCYCLEGWLCYCLE2Gravity Wave Life Cycle 22015, 2016GW-LCYCLE 2HIPPOHIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations2009 - 2011HIPPOLTUArctic cirrus particle size distributions and their parametrizations depending on the cloud origin2012 - 2018LTUMACPEXMid-latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment2011MACPEXMidCiXMiddle Latitude Cirrus Experiment2004MidCiXMLCIRRUSMidlatitude Cirrus2014ML-CIRRUSNDMAXNASA and DLR maximum research opportunity2018ND-MAXNOAAAirCoreAirCore NOAA Global Monitoring Division2012 - 2023NOAA-AirCoreOMOOxidation Mechanism Observation2015OMOPHILEASProbing High Latitude Export of air from the Asian Summer Monsoon2023PHILEASPOSIDONPacific Oxidants, Sulfur, Ice, Dehydration, and cONvection2016POSIDONPOLSTRACCPolar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate2015, 2016POLSTRACCRACEPACRadiation-Aerosol-Cloud Experiment in the Arctic Circle2014RACEPACSABREStratospheric Aerosol processes, Budget and Radiative Effects2022, 2023SABRESCOUTStratospheric climate links with emphasis on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere2005Contact: Christian RolfSouthTRACSouthern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics and Chemistry2019SouthTRACSPartICusSmall Particles in Cirrus2010SPartICusSPURTSpurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion (trace gas transport in the tropopause region)2001 - 2003SPURTSTART08Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport2008START08StratoClimStratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions2016, 2017StratoClimTACTSTransport and composition in the UT/LMS Seasonal Change2012TACTSTC4Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling2007TC4TRoCCiNOxTropical convection, cirrus and nitrogen oxides experiment2005Contact: Christian RolfVERDIVertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds2012Contact: Christian RolfWISEWave-driven Isentropic Exchange2017WISE