Neurophysiological signatures of maladaptive emotion regulation: EEG microstates reveal distinct under- and over-regulation subtypes

To identify neural correlates of distinct emotion regulation patterns, we conducted resting-state EEG microstate analysis comparing under-regulation, over-regulation, and control group. EEG signals were recorded using an ANT Neuro eego™ system with a 64-channel WaveGuard cap arranged according to the extended 10-20 system. Data were acquired from 86 participants (sampling rate: 1000 Hz; impedance: <10 kΩ at all electrodes) during 6-minute resting-state sessions under eyes-closed condition.