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we report the design of chemically gated artificial nanochannels based on glass nanopipettes. Transmembrane channel-mimetic permeability transition functions are successfully achieved due to the multi-functional DNA components modified at the inner surface of the nanopipettes, whereby the structure and charge of the DNA components can be tuned by multiple key chemical signals. By modifying a mitochondrial targeting moiety at the outer surface of the nanopipettes, we realize the targeted capture of a single mitochondrion in single living cells, which allows in situ response of multiple mitochondrial signals (Ca2+ / ROS / H+) and the subsequent delicate control of permeability transition.