Phenology of 50 tree species across 9 years in a South Asian tropical rainforest indicates complex influence of climate, traits, and phylogeny

================================================================================PHENOLOGY DATASET README================================================================================This dataset is in association with the following manuscript: Phenology of 50 tree species across 9 years in a South Asian tropical rainforest indicates complex influence of climate, traits, and phylogenyAnd includes all relevant data and analysis files Last Updated: 02-13-2026================================================================================AUTHORS================================================================================AUTHOR #1 (Corresponding Author*)Name:           A. P. MadhavanAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail:          [email protected]:          https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256AUTHOR #2Name:           Srinivasan KasinathanAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail:          [email protected]:          https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653AUTHOR #3Name:           Akhil MuraliAffiliation:    individualEmail:          [email protected]:          https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-6458AUTHOR #4Name:           K. B. SoniaAffiliation:    individualEmail:          [email protected]        AUTHOR #5Name:           G. MoorthiAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaAUTHOR #6Name:           T. SundarrajAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaAUTHOR #7Name:           T. VanidasAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaAUTHOR #8Name:           R. RajeshAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaAUTHOR #9Name:           Divya MudappaAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail:          [email protected]:          https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826AUTHOR #10Name:           T. R. Shankar RamanAffiliation:    Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main,                 Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, IndiaEmail:          [email protected]:          https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953================================================================================Geographic Coverage:1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)Temporal Coverage:1. Begins: 2017-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)2. Ends: 2026-02-01 (Year, Month, Day)Besides the README.txt file, the dataset includes file number 1-8 comma-delimited text (csv) files with the data in columns as explained below:Additionally there are 4 R scripts pertaining to the analysis (files 9-12)================================================================================FILE DESCRIPTIONS================================================================================01_Tree Phenology_Monthly Data_FINAL_2025.csvPhenological data from 2017-2021 02_2021 new phenology masterfile FINAL.csvPhenological data from 2021-2026DETAILS OF COLUMNS FOR BOTH SHEETS  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------PHENOLOGYDATA SHEET--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TreeNo              Unique numerical tree ID given after sequential sorting by trail and sideyrmo_code           Year and month of data collectionDate                Actual date of data collection of that row of dataTrail               Name of the tree phenology trailSide                Side of the trail surveyedSpecies             Scientific name of tree species being monitored on the trailH (m)               Vertical height of tree from ground to highest point, measured in metresGBH (cm)            Girth (circumference) of the tree trunk at breast height (1.3 m)Multistem           GBH of each stem in cm (comma separated) when there were multiple stems of the same individualDeadBrok            Indicates if tree has died ("Dead") or is dry or broken or fallen ("Brokendry")Leaf_Flush          Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowLeaf_Mature         Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowLeaf_Fallen         Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Flower_Buds         Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFlower_Open         Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFlower_Fallen       Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Fruit_Unripe        Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFruit_Ripe          Score as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Scoring system belowFruit_Fallen        Score as Present/Yes (Y) or Absent/No (N)Notes               Remarks and additional information --------------------------------------------------------------------------------PHENOLOGICAL SCORING SYSTEM--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Score for Leaves (Flush/Mature), Flowers (Buds, Open), Fruits (Unripe, Ripe):0: 0% of canopy has the phenophase1: 1 – 25% of canopy has the phenophase2: 26 – 50% of canopy has the phenophase3: 51 – 75% of canopy has the phenophase4: 76 – 100% of canopy has the phenophaseSpecial codes:X                   Assigned to Flowers (buds, open, fallen) columns of Ficus sp. and Artocarpus sp.dead                Filled in columns for dead trees--------------------------------------------------------------------------------03_Surveys2017-2021.csv04_Surveys2021-2026.csv Phenological survey information from 2021-2026DETAILS OF COLUMNS FOR BOTH SHEETS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------SURVEY SHEET--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date        Date of data collection for that particular trail each monthTrail       Name of the tree phenology trailSide        Side of the trail surveyedPersons present    Persons on team surveying that side of the trailWeather     Weather when data collection was started on the surveyed trailStart time  Start time of data collection of the surveyed trailEnd time    End time of data collection of the surveyed trailNotes       Remarks and additional informationCorrected species names from UtaxonsStand (https://ecoinfor.shinyapps.io/UTaxonstandOnline/)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIES NAMES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------verbatimScientificName    Scientific name of the species as recorded verbatim in the fieldfamily                    Taxonomic family to which the species belongsspecies                   Binomial species name (Genus species) 06_IyerpadiMonthlySummary3.0.csvData columns description for monthly weather station summary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------WEATHER DATA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------year            Yearmonth           Monthrainfall        Sum of precipitation (mm)maxTemp         Maximum temperature (°C)minTemp         Minimum temperature (°C)absmaxTemp      Absolute maximum temperature (°C)temperature     Mean temperature (°C)maxRH           Maximum relative humidity (%)minRH           Minimum relative humidity (%)humidity        Mean relative humidity (%)maxwind         Maximum wind speed (m/s)minwind         Minimum wind speed (m/s)windspeed       Mean wind speed (m/s)maxgust         Maximum wind gust (m/s)mingust         Minimum wind gust (m/s)gustspeed       Mean wind gust speed (m/s)maxdew          Maximum dew point (°C)mindew          Minimum dew point (°C)dewpoint        Mean dew point (°C)maxRad          Maximum irradiance (μmol m–² s–¹)minRad          Minimum irradiance (μmol m–² s–¹)radiance        Mean irradiance based on PAR (μmol m–² s–¹)daylight        Number of daylight hours indicated by photosynthetically available radiation (PAR > 1.2 μmol m–² s–¹) each day and averaging by month (hours)  07_TPL_names.csv Species names downloaded from the The Plant List though UTaxonStand (https://ecoinfor.shinyapps.io/UTaxonstandOnline/)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TAXONOMIC STANDARDIZATION COLUMNS (Taxonstand/TPL)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SORTER              Internal sorting/indexing columnSubmitted_Name      Original species name as submitted to TaxonstandSubmitted_Genus     Genus portion of the submitted nameSubmitted_Rank      Taxonomic rank of the submitted name (e.g., species, variety, subspecies)Name_in_database    Matched name found in The Plant List (TPL) databaseAuthor_in_database  Author citation for the matched name in TPL databaseGenus_in_database   Genus of the matched name in TPL databaseID_in_database      Unique identifier code for the taxon in TPL databaseFuzzy               Indicates if fuzzy matching was used (TRUE/FALSE)Score               Matching score/confidence level from Taxonstand (0-1 scale, 1 = perfect match)name.dist           Name distance metric indicating similarity between submitted and matched namesauthor.dist         Author distance metric indicating similarity between submitted and matched authorsNew_name            Updated/corrected species name after taxonomic standardizationNew_author          Updated/corrected author citation after taxonomic standardizationNew_ID              Updated taxonomic identifier after standardizationFamily              Plant family assignment from TPL databaseName_spLev          Species-level name after standardizationAccepted_SPNAME     Accepted species name according to TPL nomenclature standardsNOTE                Additional notes or flags regarding taxonomic changes or issues--------------------------------------------------------------------------------08_Anamalais_trait_data_2024.csv--------------------------------------------------------------------------------FUNCTIONAL TRAIT DATA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer to Zenodo database (10.5281/zenodo.10643064) for details on this dataset  ================================================================================DATA SCRIPTS================================================================================09_Phenology2021extension_final.RmdFirst script to run which does data management and signal processing  10_Species_climate.RSecond script to run which runs Species climate correlations  11_Pheno_phylo,RMantel tests and Pagels lambda 12_Poster graphs.RLast script graph outputs for all graphs