Modal verbs of strong obligation in Scottish Standard English: Corpus data

The dataset contains instances of the (semi-)modal verbs 'must', 'have to', 'need to' and '(have) got to' from nineteen written and spoken genres in the Scottish and British components of the International Corpus of English (ICE-SCO and ICE-GB). Nonfinite forms (e.g. 'will have to', 'might need to'), interrogatives, past-tense forms, as well as negations were excluded (partly through non-inclusion in the search, partly manually), as were all epistemic instances (predominantly of 'must') and non-obligation meanings of 'got to' (e.g. 'They got to be friends'). The sentences attached to each occurrence were manually annotated for grammatical person (of the subject) and source of obligation (objective vs. subjective).